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PostgreSQL cheat sheet

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Ruhul Amin Parvez
2021-03-12 18:38:08 +06:00
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databases/postgresql.md
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@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@ Query data in columns c1, c2 form a table
``` ```
SELECT * FROM t; SELECT * FROM t;
``` ```
#### Query all rows and columns from a table Query all rows and columns from a table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE condition; WHERE condition;
``` ```
#### Query data and filter rows with a condition Query data and filter rows with a condition
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t SELECT DISTINCT c1 FROM t
WHERE condition; WHERE condition;
``` ```
#### Query distinct rows from a table Query distinct rows from a table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t FROM t
ORDER BY c1 ASC[DESC]; ORDER BY c1 ASC[DESC];
``` ```
#### Sort the result set in ascending or descending order Sort the result set in ascending or descending order
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ FROM t
ORDER BY c1 ORDER BY c1
LIMIT n OFFSET offset; LIMIT n OFFSET offset;
``` ```
#### Skip offset of rows and return the next n rows Skip offset of rows and return the next n rows
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ SELECT c1, aggregate(c2)
FROM t FROM t
GROUP BY c1; GROUP BY c1;
``` ```
#### Group rows using in aggregate function Group rows using in aggregate function
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ FROM t
GROUP BY c1 GROUP BY c1
HAVING condition; HAVING condition;
``` ```
#### Filter groups using HAVING clause Filter groups using HAVING clause
</details> </details>
### QUERYING FROM MULTIPLE TABLES ### 2️⃣ QUERYING FROM MULTIPLE TABLES
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries </summary> <summary>View Queries </summary>
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 FROM t1
INNER JOIN t2 ON condition; INNER JOIN t2 ON condition;
``` ```
#### Inner join t1 and t2 Inner join t1 and t2
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 FROM t1
LEFT JOIN t2 ON condition; LEFT JOIN t2 ON condition;
``` ```
#### Left join t1 and t1 Left join t1 and t1
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 FROM t1
RIGHT JOIN t2 ON condition; RIGHT JOIN t2 ON condition;
``` ```
#### Right join t1 and t2 Right join t1 and t2
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 FROM t1
FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON condition; FULL OUTER JOIN t2 ON condition;
``` ```
#### Perform full outer join Perform full outer join
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -113,14 +113,14 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 FROM t1
CROSS JOIN t2; CROSS JOIN t2;
``` ```
#### Produce a Cartesian product of rows in tables Produce a Cartesian product of rows in tables
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT c1, c2 SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1, t2; FROM t1, t2;
``` ```
#### Another way to perform cross join Another way to perform cross join
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t1 A FROM t1 A
INNER JOIN t2 B ON condition; INNER JOIN t2 B ON condition;
``` ```
#### Join t1 to itself using INNER JOIN clause Join t1 to itself using INNER JOIN clause
</details> </details>
### USING SQL OPERATORS ### 3️⃣ USING SQL OPERATORS
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries </summary> <summary>View Queries </summary>
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ FROM t1
UNION [ALL] UNION [ALL]
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2; SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2;
``` ```
#### Combine rows from tow queries Combine rows from tow queries
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
INTERSECT INTERSECT
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2; SELECT c1, c2 FROM t2;
``` ```
#### Return the intersection of two queries Return the intersection of two queries
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -158,39 +158,38 @@ SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1
EXCEPT EXCEPT
SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2; SELECT c1,c2 FROM t2;
``` ```
#### Subtract a result set from another result set Subtract a result set from another result set
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE c1[NOT] LIKE pattern; WHERE c1[NOT] LIKE pattern;
``` ```
#### Query rows using pattern matching %, _ Query rows using pattern matching %, _
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE c1[NOT] IN value_list; WHERE c1[NOT] IN value_list;
``` ```
#### Query rows in a list Query rows in a list
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE c1 BETWEEN low_value AND high_value; WHERE c1 BETWEEN low_value AND high_value;
``` ```
#### Query rows between two values Query rows between two values
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t SELECT c1, c2 FROM t
WHERE c1 IS [NOT]NULL; WHERE c1 IS [NOT]NULL;
``` ```
#### Check if values in a table is NULL or not Check if values in a table is NULL or not
</details> </details>
### MANAGING TABLES ### 4️⃣ MANAGING TABLES
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>
@@ -201,58 +200,58 @@ CREATE TABLE(
price NUMERIC(10,2) DEFAULT 0 price NUMERIC(10,2) DEFAULT 0
); );
``` ```
#### Create a new table with three columns Create a new table with three columns
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
DROP TABLE t CASCADE; DROP TABLE t CASCADE;
``` ```
#### Delete the table from the database Delete the table from the database
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
ALTER TABLE t ADD column; ALTER TABLE t ADD column;
``` ```
#### Add a new column to the table Add a new column to the table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
ALTER TABLE t DROP COLUMN c; ALTER TABLE t DROP COLUMN c;
``` ```
#### Drop column c from the table Drop column c from the table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
ALTER TABLE t ADD contraint; ALTER TABLE t ADD contraint;
``` ```
#### Add a constraint Add a constraint
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
ALTER TABLE t DROP constraint; ALTER TABLE t DROP constraint;
``` ```
#### Drop a constraint Drop a constraint
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME TO t2; ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME TO t2;
``` ```
#### Rename a table from t1 to t2 Rename a table from t1 to t2
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME c1 to c2; ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME c1 to c2;
``` ```
#### Rename column c1 to c2 Rename column c1 to c2
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
TRUNCATE TABLE t CASCADE; TRUNCATE TABLE t CASCADE;
``` ```
#### Remove all data in a table Remove all data in a table
</details> </details>
### USING SQL CONSTRAINTS ### 5️⃣ USING SQL CONSTRAINTS
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t(
PRIMARY KEY(c1, c2) PRIMARY KEY(c1, c2)
); );
``` ```
#### Set c1 and c2 as a primary key Set c1 and c2 as a primary key
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t1(
FOREIGN KEY (c2) REFERENCES ts(c2) FOREIGN KEY (c2) REFERENCES ts(c2)
); );
``` ```
#### Set c2 column as a foreign key Set c2 column as a foreign key
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t(
UNIQUE(c2, c3) UNIQUE(c2, c3)
); );
``` ```
#### Make the values in c1 and c2 unique Make the values in c1 and c2 unique
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t(
CHECK(c1 > 0 AND c1 >= c2) CHECK(c1 > 0 AND c1 >= c2)
); );
``` ```
#### Ensure c1 > 0 and values in c1 >= c2 Ensure c1 > 0 and values in c1 >= c2
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -299,10 +298,10 @@ CREATE TABLE t(
c2 VARCHAR NOT NULL c2 VARCHAR NOT NULL
); );
``` ```
#### Set values in c2 column not null Set values in c2 column not null
</details> </details>
### MODIFIYING DATA ### 6️⃣ MODIFIYING DATA
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t(
INSERT INTO t(column_list) INSERT INTO t(column_list)
VALUES(value_list); VALUES(value_list);
``` ```
#### Insert one row into a table Insert one row into a table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ INSERT INTO t(column_list)
VALUES(value_list), VALUES(value_list),
(value_list), ....; (value_list), ....;
``` ```
#### Insert multiple rows into a table Insert multiple rows into a table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -326,14 +325,14 @@ INSERT INTO t1(column_list)
SELECT column_list SELECT column_list
FROM t2; FROM t2;
``` ```
#### Insert rows from t2 into t1 Insert rows from t2 into t1
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
UPDATE t UPDATE t
SET c1 = new_value; SET c1 = new_value;
``` ```
#### Update new value in the column c1 for all rows Update new value in the column c1 for all rows
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -342,23 +341,23 @@ SET c1 = new_value,
c2 = new_value c2 = new_value
WHERE condition; WHERE condition;
``` ```
#### Update values in the column c1, c2 that match the condition Update values in the column c1, c2 that match the condition
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
DELETE FROM t; DELETE FROM t;
``` ```
#### Delete all data in a table Delete all data in a table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
DELETE FROM t DELETE FROM t
WHERE condition; WHERE condition;
``` ```
#### Delete subset of rows in a table Delete subset of rows in a table
</details> </details>
### MANAGING VIEWS ### 7️⃣ MANAGING VIEWS
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>
@@ -368,7 +367,7 @@ AS
SELECT c1, c2 SELECT c1, c2
FROM t; FROM t;
``` ```
#### Create a new view that consists of c1 and c2 Create a new view that consists of c1 and c2
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -378,7 +377,7 @@ SELECT c1, c2
FROM t FROM t
WITH[CASCADED | LOCAL]CHECK OPTION; WITH[CASCADED | LOCAL]CHECK OPTION;
``` ```
#### Create a new view with check option Create a new view with check option
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -388,7 +387,7 @@ select-statement --anchor part
UNION[ALL] UNION[ALL]
select-statement; --recursive part select-statement; --recursive part
``` ```
#### Create a recursive view Create a recursive view
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -397,17 +396,17 @@ AS
SELECT c1, c2 SELECT c1, c2
FROM t; FROM t;
``` ```
#### Create a temporary view Create a temporary view
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
DROP VIEW view_name; DROP VIEW view_name;
``` ```
#### Delete a view Delete a view
</details> </details>
### MANAGING INDEXES ### 8️⃣ MANAGING INDEXES
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>
@@ -415,24 +414,24 @@ DROP VIEW view_name;
CREATE INDEX inx_name CREATE INDEX inx_name
ON t(c1, c2); ON t(c1, c2);
``` ```
#### Create an index on c1 and c2 of the table t Create an index on c1 and c2 of the table t
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX inx_name CREATE UNIQUE INDEX inx_name
ON t(c3, c4); ON t(c3, c4);
``` ```
#### Create unique index on c3, c4 of the table t Create unique index on c3, c4 of the table t
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
DROP INDEX idx_name; DROP INDEX idx_name;
``` ```
#### Drop an index Drop an index
</details> </details>
### MANAGING TRIGGERS ### 9️⃣ MANAGING TRIGGERS
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>
@@ -442,7 +441,7 @@ WHEN EVENT
ON table_name TRIGGER_TYPE ON table_name TRIGGER_TYPE
EXECUTE stored_procedure; EXECUTE stored_procedure;
``` ```
#### Create or modify a trigger Create or modify a trigger
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
@@ -473,17 +472,17 @@ BEFORE INSERT
ON person FOR EACH ROW ON person FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE stored_procedure; EXECUTE stored_procedure;
``` ```
#### Create a trigger invoked before a new row is inserted into the person table Create a trigger invoked before a new row is inserted into the person table
<hr> <hr>
``` ```
DROP TRIGGER trigger_name DROP TRIGGER trigger_name
``` ```
#### Delete a specific trigger Delete a specific trigger
</details> </details>
### SQL AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS ### 🔟 SQL AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
<details> <details>
<summary>View Queries</summary> <summary>View Queries</summary>