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languages/C.md
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<!-- making C cheatsheets -->
main() Function
```main() Function```
* The main() function is the starting point of the program: ```int main (int argc, char *argv[])```
* The return type of the main() function is an integer (type int) and it is known as the ```return value``` of the program.
* As a rule of thumb, ```value 0 means success while non-zero means an error conditions.```
---
## Include Files
* The `purpose` of these files is to tell the compiler about the existence of external functions which the source code will make use of.
---
## Preprocessor directives:
| Directive | Description |
|-----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
| `#include "mine.h"` | Search current working directory first. |
| `#include <stdio.h>` | Search command line directory, then the system. |
| `#define TRUE 1` | Macro substitution, usually use capitals. |
| `#define min(a,b)` | Macro substitution with parameters. |
| `#define abs(a)` | Macro substitution. |
| `#define note /* comment */` | This comment gets inserted every time `note` appears. |
| `backslash \ at end of a line` | Means continue the line. |
| `#undef TRUE` | Undefines a previously defined macro name. |
| `#error` | Stop compiling at this point. |
| `#if expression` | Conditional compilation, starts an `if` structure. |
| `#elif expression` | Else if expression != 0, compile the following code. |
| `#else` | Else, compile the following code. |
| `#endif` | End of conditional compiling. |
| `#ifdef macroname` | Like `#if`, compiles if `macroname` is defined. |
| `#ifndef macroname` | Like `#if`, compiles if `macroname` is undefined. |
| `#line number [filename]` | Set the origin for `__LINE__` and `__FILE__`. |
| `#pragma` | Gives the compiler commands. |
---
## Create and execute a program
In Linux systems:
1. Open up a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
2. Create the program: nano nameProgram.c
3. Write the program and save it
4. gcc -o nameExecutable nameProgram.c (eg: gcc -o nameProgram_output nameProgram.c
)

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Include Files
* The purpose of these files is to tell the compiler about the existence of external functions which the source code will make use of.
Preprocessor directives:
#include "mine.h" search current working directory first
#include <stdio.h> search command line directory then system
#define TRUE 1 macro substitution, usually use capitals
#define min(a,b) (a<b)?(a):(b) macro substitution with parameters
#define abs(a) (a<0)?(-(a)):(a) macro substitution
#define note /* comment */ this comment gets inserted every time note appears */
backslash \ at end of a line means continue
#undef TRUE undefines a previously defined macroname
#error stop compiling at this point
#if expression conditional compilation, start if structure
#elif expression else if expression != 0 compile following code
#else else compile following code
#endif end of conditional compiling
#ifdef macroname like #if, compiles if macroname defined
#ifndef like #if, compiles if macroname undefined
#line number [filename] set origin for __LINE__ and __FILE__
#pragma gives the compiler commands
Create and execute a program
In Linux systems:
1. Open up a terminal
2. Create the program: nano nameProgram.c
3. Write the program and save it
4. gcc -o nameExecutable nameProgram.c
32 Reserved words