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122
backend/django.md
Normal file
122
backend/django.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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|||||||
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# CODING STYLE > MAKING YOUR CODE READABLE
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Avoid abbreviating variable names.
|
||||||
|
2. Write out your function argument names.
|
||||||
|
3. Document your classes and methods.
|
||||||
|
4. Comment your code.
|
||||||
|
5. Refactor repeated lines of code into reusable functions or methods.
|
||||||
|
6. Keep functions and methods short. A good rule of thumb is that scrolling should not be necessary to read an entire function or method.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
TIP: Use Flake8 for Checking Code Quality.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# CODING STYLE > THE WORD ON IMPORTS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Imports should be grouped in the following order:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Standard library imports.
|
||||||
|
2. Core Django imports.
|
||||||
|
3. Third-party app imports.
|
||||||
|
4. Imports from your apps.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use explicit relative imports.
|
||||||
|
Avoid using import *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# CODING STYLE > OTHERS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use underscores in URL pattern names rather than dashes.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# CODING STYLE > DATABASE
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Register your app in admin file in your app folder to use admin panel in Django.
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||||||
|
2. Create a superuser using command python manage.py createsuperuser.
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||||||
|
3. Remember to migrate after you change anything in your models.py file.
|
||||||
|
4. Use /admin/ page to add data in your tables for testing purpose.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Deployment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Add your media, database, venv, __pycache__ to the .gitignore (there is a complete list that you can find here: https://github.com/jpadilla/django-project-template/blob/master/.gitignore).
|
||||||
|
- Keep migration files in the git (you will need to migrate them in target server).
|
||||||
|
- Don't run "makemigrations" in the target server (you will need to just run "migrate").
|
||||||
|
- `$ pip freeze > requirements.txt`
|
||||||
|
- Make appropriate changes in your project settings.py file (change DEBUG to False and etc).
|
||||||
|
- Push your code to your git-server.
|
||||||
|
- Pull your code in your target server.
|
||||||
|
- Give right permissions to the web-server (e.g. `$ chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/myproject`).
|
||||||
|
- Make a new venv in the target server and activate it.
|
||||||
|
- `$ sudo pip install -r requirements.txt`
|
||||||
|
- `$ sudo ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py migrate`
|
||||||
|
- Restart your web-server (in case of Apache: `$ sudo service apache2 restart`).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# DJANGO-ADMIN
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin check`: Checks the entire Django project for potential problems.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin changepassword <username>`: Allows changing a user’s password. It prompts you to enter a new password twice for the given user.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin clearsessions`: Can be run as a cron job or directly to clean out expired sessions.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin collectstatic`: Helps to collect all the static files in the one mentioned directory.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin createsuperuser`: Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions).
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin compilemessages`: Compiles .po files to .mo files for use with built-in gettext support.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin createcachetable`: Creates the tables needed to use the SQL cache backend.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin dbshell`: Runs the command-line client for specified database, or the default database if none is provided.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin diffsettings`: Displays differences between the current settings.py and Django's default settings.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin dumpdata`: Output the contents of the database as a fixture of the given format (using each model's default manager unless --all is specified).
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin flush`: Removes ALL DATA from the database, including data added during migrations. Does not achieve a "fresh install" state.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin inspectdb`: Introspects the database tables in the given database and outputs a Django model module.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin loaddata`: Installs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# DJANGO-ADMIN CONTINUED
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin startapp`: <appname> # Create a new Django app named <appname> in the current directory.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin startproject`: <projectname> # Create a new Django project named <projectname> in the current directory.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin test`: # Discover and run tests in the specified modules or the current directory.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin testserver`: # Runs a development server with data from the test database instead of the production database.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin validate`: # Validates all installed models.
|
||||||
|
- `django-admin version`: # Display the Django version.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# DJANGO-DEBUG-TOOLBAR
|
||||||
|
Add 'debug_toolbar' to the installed apps in settings.py
|
||||||
|
In urls.py add the following lines:
|
||||||
|
from django.conf import settings
|
||||||
|
if settings.DEBUG:
|
||||||
|
import debug_toolbar
|
||||||
|
urlpatterns = [
|
||||||
|
url(r'^debug/', include(debug_toolbar.urls)),
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
... the rest of your URLconf goes here ...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# DJANGO-REST-FRAMEWORK
|
||||||
|
To use Django Rest Framework, add it to your installed apps in settings.py:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
INSTALLED_APPS = (
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
'rest_framework',
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
Add DRF's token authentication to your installed authentication classes:
|
||||||
|
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
|
||||||
|
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
|
||||||
|
'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',
|
||||||
|
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
|
||||||
|
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use Django Rest Framework's serializers to format your API responses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<br>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Starting a django project in python3
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py; python3 get-pip.py
|
||||||
|
pip install virtualenv
|
||||||
|
mkdir django-projects
|
||||||
|
cd django-projects
|
||||||
|
virtualenv venv
|
||||||
|
source venv/bin/activate
|
||||||
|
pip install django
|
||||||
|
django-admin startproject myproject
|
||||||
|
django-admin startapp myapp
|
||||||
|
python manage.py runserver
|
||||||
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# CODING STYLE > MAKING YOUR CODE READABLE
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# 1. Avoid abbreviating variable names.
|
|
||||||
# 2. Write out your function argument names.
|
|
||||||
# 3. Document your classes and methods.
|
|
||||||
# 4. Comment your code.
|
|
||||||
# 5. Refactor repeated lines of code into reusable functions or methods.
|
|
||||||
# 6. Keep functions and methods short. A good rule of thumb is that scrolling
|
|
||||||
# should not be necessary to read an entire function or method.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# TIP: Use Flake8 for Checking Code Quality.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# CODING STYLE > THE WORD ON IMPORTS
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Imports should be grouped in the following order:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# 1. Standard library imports.
|
|
||||||
# 2. Core Django imports.
|
|
||||||
# 3. Third-party app imports.
|
|
||||||
# 4. Imports from your apps.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Use explicit relative imports.
|
|
||||||
# Avoid using import *
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# CODING STYLE > OTHERS
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Use underscores in URL pattern names rather than dashes.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# CODING STYLE > DATABASE
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# 1.Register your app in admin file in your app folder to use admin panel in django
|
|
||||||
# 2.Create a superuser using command python manage.py createsuperuser
|
|
||||||
# 3.Remember to migrate after you change anything in your models.py file
|
|
||||||
# 4.Use /admin/ page to add data in your tables for testing purpose
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# Deployment
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# add your media, database, venv, __pycache__ to the .gitignore (there is a compelete list that you can find here: https://github.com/jpadilla/django-project-template/blob/master/.gitignore)
|
|
||||||
# keep migration files in the git (you will need to migrate them in target server)
|
|
||||||
# don't run "makemigrations" in the target server (you will need to just run "migrate")
|
|
||||||
# $ pip freeze > requirements.txt
|
|
||||||
# make appropriate changes in your project settings.py file (change DEBUG to False and etc)
|
|
||||||
# push your code to your git-server
|
|
||||||
# pull your code in your target server
|
|
||||||
# give right permissions to the web-server (e.g. $ chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/myproject)
|
|
||||||
# make a new venv in the target server and activate it
|
|
||||||
# $ sudo pip install -r requirements.txt
|
|
||||||
# sudo ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py migrate
|
|
||||||
# restart your web-server (in case of apache: $ sudo service apache2 restart)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# DJANGO-ADMIN
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
django-admin check # Checks the entire django project for potential problems
|
|
||||||
django-admin changepassword <username> # Allows changing a user’s password. It prompts you to enter a new password twice for the given user.
|
|
||||||
django-admin clearsessions # Can be run as a cron job or directly to clean out expired sessions.
|
|
||||||
django-admin collectstatic # Helps to collect all the static files in the one mentioned directory
|
|
||||||
django-admin createsuperuser # Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions).
|
|
||||||
django-admin compilemessages # Compiles .po files to .mo files for use with builtin gettext support
|
|
||||||
django-admin createcachetable # Creates the tables needed to use the SQL cache backend.
|
|
||||||
django-admin dbshell # Runs the command-line client for specified database, or the default database if none is provided.
|
|
||||||
django-admin diffsettings # Displays differences between the current settings.py and Django's default settings.
|
|
||||||
django-admin dumpdata # Output the contents of the database as a fixture of the given format (using each model's default manager unless --all is specified).
|
|
||||||
django-admin flush # Removes ALL DATA from the database, including data added during migrations. Does not achieve a "fresh install" state.
|
|
||||||
django-admin inspectdb # Introspects the database tables in the given database and outputs a Django model module.
|
|
||||||
django-admin loaddata # Installs the named fixture(s) in the database.
|
|
||||||
django-admin makemessages # Runs over the entire source tree of the current directory and pulls out all strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in the conf/locale (in the django tree) or locale (for projects and applications) directory. You must run this command with one of either the --locale, --exclude, or --all options.
|
|
||||||
django-admin help # display usage information and a list of the commands provided by each application
|
|
||||||
django-admin makemigrations # create new migrations to the database based on the changes detected in the models
|
|
||||||
django-admin migrate # synchronize the database state with your current state project models and migrations
|
|
||||||
django-admin remove_stale_contenttypes # Deletes stale content types (from deleted models) in your database.y.
|
|
||||||
django-admin runserver <port> # start the development webserver at 127.0.0.1 with the port <port> default 8000
|
|
||||||
django-admin sendtestemail # Sends a test email to the email addresses specified as arguments.
|
|
||||||
django-admin shell # Runs a Python interactive interpreter. Tries to use IPython or bpython, if one of them is available. Any standard input is executed as code.
|
|
||||||
django-admin showmigrations # Shows all available migrations for the current project.
|
|
||||||
django-admin sqlflush # Returns a list of the SQL statements required to return all tables in the database to the state they were in just after they were installed.
|
|
||||||
django-admin sqlmigrate # Prints the SQL statements for the named migration.
|
|
||||||
django-admin sqlsequencereset # Prints the SQL statements for resetting sequences for the given app name(s).
|
|
||||||
django-admin squashmigrations # Squashes an existing set of migrations (from first until specified) into a single new one.
|
|
||||||
django-admin startapp <Appname> # create a new django application with the specified name
|
|
||||||
django-admin startproject <ProjectName> # create a new project directory structure
|
|
||||||
django-admin testserver # Runs a development server with data from the given fixture(s).
|
|
||||||
django-admin version # display the current django version
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
# Starting a django project in python3
|
|
||||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# 1. $ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py; python3 get-pip.py
|
|
||||||
# 2. $ pip install virtualenv
|
|
||||||
# 3. $ mkdir django-projects
|
|
||||||
# 4. $ cd django-projects
|
|
||||||
# 5. $ virtualenv venv
|
|
||||||
# 6. $ source venv/bin/activate
|
|
||||||
# 7. $ pip install django
|
|
||||||
# 8. $ django-admin startproject myproject
|
|
||||||
# 9. $ django-admin startapp myapp
|
|
||||||
# 10. $ python manage.py runserver
|
|
||||||
@@ -16,3 +16,69 @@ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON prospectwith.* TO 'power'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
|
|||||||
CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; # Create user
|
CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; # Create user
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mysql -u root -pmypassword -e "MY SQL QUERY" &>> query.log & disown # Run SQL query in the background
|
mysql -u root -pmypassword -e "MY SQL QUERY" &>> query.log & disown # Run SQL query in the background
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# Database and Table Operations
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
CREATE DATABASE database_name; # Create a new database
|
||||||
|
DROP DATABASE database_name; # Delete a database
|
||||||
|
CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...); # Create a new table
|
||||||
|
DROP TABLE table_name; # Delete a table
|
||||||
|
SHOW TABLES; # Display all tables in the current database
|
||||||
|
DESCRIBE table_name; # Show the structure of a table
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# Data Manipulation
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...); # Insert data into a table
|
||||||
|
UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition; # Update existing data in a table
|
||||||
|
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Delete data from a table
|
||||||
|
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Select data from a table
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# Backup and Restore
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
mysqldump -u username -p database_name table1 table2 > file.sql # Backup specific tables
|
||||||
|
mysql -u username -p database_name < file.sql # Restore specific tables
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# User Management and Security
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
REVOKE privilege_type ON database_name.table_name FROM 'username'@'hostname'; # Revoke privileges from a user
|
||||||
|
DROP USER 'username'@'hostname'; # Delete a user
|
||||||
|
ALTER USER 'username'@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'newpassword'; # Reset a user's password
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# Performance and Maintenance
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name; # Optimize a table
|
||||||
|
ANALYZE TABLE table_name; # Analyze a table for key distribution and storage optimization
|
||||||
|
CHECK TABLE table_name; # Check a table for errors
|
||||||
|
REPAIR TABLE table_name; # Repair a corrupted table
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# Advanced Queries
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
SELECT ... FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column; # Perform a join operation between two tables
|
||||||
|
SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... FROM table_name) AS subquery; # Use a subquery within another query
|
||||||
|
SELECT column, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; # Group results and use aggregate functions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# System Information
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
SELECT VERSION(); # Show the current version of MySQL
|
||||||
|
SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user; # List all current MySQL users
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
# Miscellaneous
|
||||||
|
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; # Enable query logging
|
||||||
|
SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST; # Show the last queries executed in MySQL
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
|||||||
string newStr = oldStr.Replace("old","new");
|
string newStr = oldStr.Replace("old","new");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
//IndexOf
|
//IndexOf
|
||||||
//Finds the first ocurrence of a string in a larger string
|
//Finds the first occurrence of a string in a larger string
|
||||||
//Returns -1 if the string is not found
|
//Returns -1 if the string is not found
|
||||||
String.IndexOf(val, start, num)
|
String.IndexOf(val, start, num)
|
||||||
val - string to search for
|
val - string to search for
|
||||||
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
|||||||
String.Split(Char[]);
|
String.Split(Char[]);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
//ToCharArray
|
//ToCharArray
|
||||||
//Places selected characteres in a string in a char array
|
//Places selected characters in a string in a char array
|
||||||
String str = "AaBbCcDd";
|
String str = "AaBbCcDd";
|
||||||
//create array of 8 vowels
|
//create array of 8 vowels
|
||||||
var chars = str.ToCharArray();
|
var chars = str.ToCharArray();
|
||||||
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
6.1 TimeSpan Constructor
|
6.1 TimeSpan Constructor
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
TimpeSpan(hour, minute, sec)
|
TimeSpan(hour, minute, sec)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
TimeSpan timeS = new TimeSpan(10, 14, 50);
|
TimeSpan timeS = new TimeSpan(10, 14, 50);
|
||||||
TimeSpan timeS_Hours = TimeSpan.FromDays(3640);
|
TimeSpan timeS_Hours = TimeSpan.FromDays(3640);
|
||||||
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Format item syntax: {index[,alignment][:format string]}
|
Format item syntax: {index[,alignment][:format string]}
|
||||||
index - Specifies element in list of values to which format is applied
|
index - Specifies element in list of values to which format is applied
|
||||||
aligment - Indicates minimun width (in characters) to display value
|
alignment - Indicates minimum width (in characters) to display value
|
||||||
format string - Contains the code which specififes the format of the displayed value
|
format string - Contains the code which specifies the format of the displayed value
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
7.1 Numeric
|
7.1 Numeric
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
|||||||
[access modifier] className (parameters) [:initializer]
|
[access modifier] className (parameters) [:initializer]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
initializer -base calls constructor in base class.
|
initializer -base calls constructor in base class.
|
||||||
this calls constuctor within class.
|
this calls constructor within class.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
public class nameClass : Initializer {
|
public class nameClass : Initializer {
|
||||||
public className(dataType param1 , dataType param2, ...) : base(param1, param2)
|
public className(dataType param1 , dataType param2, ...) : base(param1, param2)
|
||||||
@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
|||||||
abstract – must be implemented by subclass
|
abstract – must be implemented by subclass
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Passing parameters:
|
Passing parameters:
|
||||||
1. By default, parametres are passed by value
|
1. By default, parameters are passed by value
|
||||||
2. Passing by reference: ref, in and out modifers
|
2. Passing by reference: ref, in and out modifiers
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To pass a parameter by reference with the intent of changing the value, use the ref, or out keyword. To pass by reference with the intent of avoiding copying but not changing the value, use the in modifier
|
To pass a parameter by reference with the intent of changing the value, use the ref, or out keyword. To pass by reference with the intent of avoiding copying but not changing the value, use the in modifier
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -524,14 +524,14 @@ Cyan='\033[0;36m' # Cyan
|
|||||||
White='\033[0;97m' # White
|
White='\033[0;97m' # White
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Additional colors
|
# Additional colors
|
||||||
LGrey='\033[0;37m' # Ligth Gray
|
LGrey='\033[0;37m' # Light Gray
|
||||||
DGrey='\033[0;90m' # Dark Gray
|
DGrey='\033[0;90m' # Dark Gray
|
||||||
LRed='\033[0;91m' # Ligth Red
|
LRed='\033[0;91m' # Light Red
|
||||||
LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Ligth Green
|
LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Light Green
|
||||||
LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Ligth Yellow
|
LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Light Yellow
|
||||||
LBlue='\033[0;94m' # Ligth Blue
|
LBlue='\033[0;94m' # Light Blue
|
||||||
LPurple='\033[0;95m'# Light Purple
|
LPurple='\033[0;95m'# Light Purple
|
||||||
LCyan='\033[0;96m' # Ligth Cyan
|
LCyan='\033[0;96m' # Light Cyan
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Bold
|
# Bold
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ d, t := doubleAndTriple(5)
|
|||||||
_, t := doubleAndTriple(3)
|
_, t := doubleAndTriple(3)
|
||||||
// t = 9
|
// t = 9
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// Functions can defer commands. Defered commands are
|
// Functions can defer commands. Deferred commands are
|
||||||
// runned in a stack order after the execution and
|
// ran in a stack order after the execution and
|
||||||
// returning of a function
|
// returning of a function
|
||||||
var aux = 0
|
var aux = 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ person3.Age // 0
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
## Maps
|
## Maps
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Maps are data structures that holds values assigneds to a key.
|
Maps are data structures that holds values assigned to a key.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```go
|
```go
|
||||||
// Declaring a map
|
// Declaring a map
|
||||||
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ newYork // "EUA"
|
|||||||
// Delete
|
// Delete
|
||||||
delete(cities, "NY")
|
delete(cities, "NY")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// Check if a key is setted
|
// Check if a key is set
|
||||||
value, ok := cities["NY"]
|
value, ok := cities["NY"]
|
||||||
ok // false
|
ok // false
|
||||||
value // ""
|
value // ""
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ for(dataType item : array) {
|
|||||||
//Declare a variable, object name
|
//Declare a variable, object name
|
||||||
String s;
|
String s;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
//Invoke a contructor to create an object
|
//Invoke a constructor to create an object
|
||||||
s = new String ("Hello World");
|
s = new String ("Hello World");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
//Invoke an instance method that operates on the object's value
|
//Invoke an instance method that operates on the object's value
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
|||||||
<?php
|
<?php
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// Exit the file, string inside get's echo'ed
|
// Exit the file, string inside get's echo'ed
|
||||||
die("This file is not ment to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
die("This file is not meant to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
||||||
exit("This file is not ment to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
exit("This file is not meant to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
/**
|
/**
|
||||||
* Printing
|
* Printing
|
||||||
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var_dump($arr); // Print anything, with type hints for any value and sizes
|
|||||||
$string = 'Awesome cheatsheets';
|
$string = 'Awesome cheatsheets';
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
str_contains($string, 'cheat'); // Find if the string contains the specified string (PHP >= 8.0)
|
str_contains($string, 'cheat'); // Find if the string contains the specified string (PHP >= 8.0)
|
||||||
str_replace('Awesome', 'Bonjour', $string); // Replace all occurence
|
str_replace('Awesome', 'Bonjour', $string); // Replace all occurrence
|
||||||
strcmp($string, 'Awesome cheatsheets'); // Compare two strings
|
strcmp($string, 'Awesome cheatsheets'); // Compare two strings
|
||||||
strpos($string, 'a', 0); // Get position in the string
|
strpos($string, 'a', 0); // Get position in the string
|
||||||
str_split($string, 2); // Split the string
|
str_split($string, 2); // Split the string
|
||||||
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ u Pattern is treated as UTF-8
|
|||||||
\w Any "word" character (a-z 0-9 _)
|
\w Any "word" character (a-z 0-9 _)
|
||||||
\W Any non "word" character
|
\W Any non "word" character
|
||||||
\s Whitespace (space, tab CRLF)
|
\s Whitespace (space, tab CRLF)
|
||||||
\S Any non whitepsace character
|
\S Any non whitespace character
|
||||||
\d Digits (0-9)
|
\d Digits (0-9)
|
||||||
\D Any non digit character
|
\D Any non digit character
|
||||||
. (Period) - Any character except newline
|
. (Period) - Any character except newline
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
|
|||||||
| import | import libraries/modules/packages | import |
|
| import | import libraries/modules/packages | import |
|
||||||
| from | import specific function/classes from modules/packages | import |
|
| from | import specific function/classes from modules/packages | import |
|
||||||
| try | this block will be tried to get executed | exception handling |
|
| try | this block will be tried to get executed | exception handling |
|
||||||
| except | is any exception/error has occured it'll be executed | exception handling |
|
| except | is any exception/error has occurred it'll be executed | exception handling |
|
||||||
| finally | It'll be executed no matter exception occurs or not | exception handling |
|
| finally | It'll be executed no matter exception occurs or not | exception handling |
|
||||||
| raise | throws any specific error/exception | exception handling |
|
| raise | throws any specific error/exception | exception handling |
|
||||||
| assert | throws an AssertionError if condition is false | exception handling |
|
| assert | throws an AssertionError if condition is false | exception handling |
|
||||||
|
|||||||
@@ -20,13 +20,15 @@ e jump to end of words (punctuation considered words)
|
|||||||
E jump to end of words (no punctuation)
|
E jump to end of words (no punctuation)
|
||||||
b jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)
|
b jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)
|
||||||
B jump backward by words (no punctuation)
|
B jump backward by words (no punctuation)
|
||||||
ge jump backward to end of words
|
ge jump backward to end of a word
|
||||||
|
gE jump backwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
|
||||||
0 (zero) start of line
|
0 (zero) start of line
|
||||||
^ first non-blank character of line
|
^ first non-blank character of line
|
||||||
$ end of line
|
$ jump to the end of the line
|
||||||
- move line upwards, on the first non blank character
|
g_ jump to the last non-blank character of the line
|
||||||
+ move line downwards, on the first non blank character
|
- move line upwards, on the first non-blank character
|
||||||
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non blank character
|
+ move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
|
||||||
|
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
|
||||||
gg go to first line
|
gg go to first line
|
||||||
G go to last line
|
G go to last line
|
||||||
ngg go to line n
|
ngg go to line n
|
||||||
@@ -38,10 +40,6 @@ nG go To line n
|
|||||||
} move the cursor a paragraph forwards
|
} move the cursor a paragraph forwards
|
||||||
]] move the cursor a section forwards or to the next {
|
]] move the cursor a section forwards or to the next {
|
||||||
[[ move the cursor a section backwards or the previous {
|
[[ move the cursor a section backwards or the previous {
|
||||||
CTRL-f move the cursor forward by a screen of text
|
|
||||||
CTRL-b move the cursor backward by a screen of text
|
|
||||||
CTRL-u move the cursor up by half a screen
|
|
||||||
CTRL-d move the cursor down by half a screen
|
|
||||||
H move the cursor to the top of the screen.
|
H move the cursor to the top of the screen.
|
||||||
M move the cursor to the middle of the screen.
|
M move the cursor to the middle of the screen.
|
||||||
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.
|
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.
|
||||||
@@ -49,6 +47,16 @@ fx search line forward for 'x'
|
|||||||
Fx search line backward for 'x'
|
Fx search line backward for 'x'
|
||||||
tx search line forward before 'x'
|
tx search line forward before 'x'
|
||||||
Tx search line backward before 'x'
|
Tx search line backward before 'x'
|
||||||
|
CTRL-y moves screen up one line
|
||||||
|
CTRL-e moves screen down one line
|
||||||
|
CTRL-u moves cursor & screen up ½ page
|
||||||
|
CTRL-d moves cursor & screen down ½ page
|
||||||
|
CTRL-b moves screen up one page, cursor to last line
|
||||||
|
CTRL-f moves screen down one page, cursor to first line
|
||||||
|
zz shift current line to middle of screen
|
||||||
|
z. same as zz but also jumps to the first non-black character
|
||||||
|
zt shift current line to top of screen
|
||||||
|
zb shift current line to bottom of screen
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
@@ -60,8 +68,15 @@ Tx search line backward before 'x'
|
|||||||
ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
|
ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
|
||||||
`a go to position of bookmark a
|
`a go to position of bookmark a
|
||||||
'a go to the line with bookmark a
|
'a go to the line with bookmark a
|
||||||
|
`0 go to the position where Vim was previously exited
|
||||||
|
`" go to the position when last editing this file
|
||||||
`. go to the line that you last edited
|
`. go to the line that you last edited
|
||||||
|
`` go to the position before the last jump
|
||||||
|
g, go to newer position in change list
|
||||||
|
g; go to older position in change list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Tip: To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (`) or an apostrophe (').
|
||||||
|
# Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
# INSERT MODE
|
# INSERT MODE
|
||||||
@@ -70,10 +85,13 @@ ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
i start insert mode at cursor
|
i start insert mode at cursor
|
||||||
I insert at the beginning of the line
|
I insert at the beginning of the line
|
||||||
|
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
|
||||||
|
gI like "I", but always start in column 1
|
||||||
a append after the cursor
|
a append after the cursor
|
||||||
A append at the end of the line
|
A append at the end of the line
|
||||||
o open (append) blank line below current line
|
o open (append) blank line below current line
|
||||||
O open blank line above current line
|
O open blank line above current line
|
||||||
|
CTRL-o Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command(while in insert mode)
|
||||||
Esc exit insert mode
|
Esc exit insert mode
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -84,10 +102,25 @@ Esc exit insert mode
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
r replace a single character (does not use insert mode)
|
r replace a single character (does not use insert mode)
|
||||||
R enter Insert mode, replacing characters rather than inserting
|
R enter Insert mode, replacing characters rather than inserting
|
||||||
J join line below to the current one
|
J join line below to the current one with one space in between
|
||||||
|
gJ join line below to the current one without space in between
|
||||||
cc change (replace) an entire line
|
cc change (replace) an entire line
|
||||||
cw change (replace) to the end of word
|
cw change (replace) to the end of word (same as ce)
|
||||||
C change (replace) to the end of line
|
2cw change (replace) repeat cw twice
|
||||||
|
ciw change (replace) word under the cursor
|
||||||
|
caw change (replace) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
|
||||||
|
ci" change (replace) word inside ""
|
||||||
|
cit change (replace) html tag content
|
||||||
|
cat change (replace) html tag
|
||||||
|
cis change (replace) sentence under the cursor
|
||||||
|
cas change (replace) sentence under the cursor and the space after or before it
|
||||||
|
cib change (replace) inside a block with ()
|
||||||
|
cab change (replace) a block with ()
|
||||||
|
ciB change (replace) inside a block with {}
|
||||||
|
caB change (replace) a block with {}
|
||||||
|
C change (replace) to the end of line(same as c$)
|
||||||
|
cG change (replace) to the end of the file
|
||||||
|
cgg change (replace) from first line to current line
|
||||||
ct' change (replace) until the ' character (can change ' for any character)
|
ct' change (replace) until the ' character (can change ' for any character)
|
||||||
s delete character at cursor and substitute text
|
s delete character at cursor and substitute text
|
||||||
S delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)
|
S delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)
|
||||||
@@ -102,6 +135,7 @@ guiw make current word lowercase
|
|||||||
gU$ make uppercase until end of line
|
gU$ make uppercase until end of line
|
||||||
gu$ make lowercase until end of line
|
gu$ make lowercase until end of line
|
||||||
>> indent line one column to right
|
>> indent line one column to right
|
||||||
|
>i{ indent everything in the {}
|
||||||
<< indent line one column to left
|
<< indent line one column to left
|
||||||
== auto-indent current line
|
== auto-indent current line
|
||||||
ddp swap current line with next
|
ddp swap current line with next
|
||||||
@@ -110,6 +144,7 @@ ddkP swap current line with previous
|
|||||||
:r [name] insert the file [name] below the cursor.
|
:r [name] insert the file [name] below the cursor.
|
||||||
:r !{cmd} execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below the cursor.
|
:r !{cmd} execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below the cursor.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Tip: Instead of b or B one can also use ( or { respectively.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
# DELETING TEXT
|
# DELETING TEXT
|
||||||
@@ -118,10 +153,15 @@ ddkP swap current line with previous
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
x delete current character
|
x delete current character
|
||||||
X delete previous character
|
X delete previous character
|
||||||
dw delete the current word
|
dw delete (cut) to the end of word (same as de)
|
||||||
|
diw delete (cut) word under the cursor
|
||||||
|
daw delete (cut) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
|
||||||
|
dap delete (cut) a paragraph
|
||||||
dd delete (cut) a line
|
dd delete (cut) a line
|
||||||
dt' delete until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
|
dt' delete (cut) until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
|
||||||
D delete from cursor to end of line
|
dG delete (cut) to the end of the file
|
||||||
|
dgg delete (cut) from first line to current line
|
||||||
|
D delete (cut) from cursor to end of line (same as d$)
|
||||||
:[range]d delete [range] lines
|
:[range]d delete [range] lines
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -136,6 +176,10 @@ yy yank (copy) a line
|
|||||||
y$ yank to end of line
|
y$ yank to end of line
|
||||||
p put (paste) the clipboard after cursor/current line
|
p put (paste) the clipboard after cursor/current line
|
||||||
P put (paste) before cursor/current line
|
P put (paste) before cursor/current line
|
||||||
|
gp put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
|
||||||
|
gP put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
|
||||||
|
"+y yank into the system clipboard register
|
||||||
|
"+p paste from the system clipboard register
|
||||||
:set paste avoid unexpected effects in pasting
|
:set paste avoid unexpected effects in pasting
|
||||||
:registers display the contents of all registers
|
:registers display the contents of all registers
|
||||||
"xyw yank word into register x
|
"xyw yank word into register x
|
||||||
@@ -147,6 +191,12 @@ P put (paste) before cursor/current line
|
|||||||
"xgP just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new text
|
"xgP just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new text
|
||||||
:[line]put x put the text from register x after [line]
|
:[line]put x put the text from register x after [line]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Tip: if you are using vim extension on vs code, you can enable
|
||||||
|
"vim.useSystemClipboard": true
|
||||||
|
in setting.json, this will allow to Use system clipboard for unnamed register.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
# MACROS
|
# MACROS
|
||||||
@@ -157,6 +207,7 @@ qa start recording macro 'a'
|
|||||||
q end recording macro
|
q end recording macro
|
||||||
@a replay macro 'a'
|
@a replay macro 'a'
|
||||||
@: replay last command
|
@: replay last command
|
||||||
|
@@ repeat macro
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
@@ -172,9 +223,11 @@ CTRL-v start visual block mode
|
|||||||
O move to other corner of block
|
O move to other corner of block
|
||||||
aw mark a word
|
aw mark a word
|
||||||
ab a () block (with braces)
|
ab a () block (with braces)
|
||||||
ab a {} block (with brackets)
|
aB a {} block (with brackets)
|
||||||
|
at a block with <> tags
|
||||||
ib inner () block
|
ib inner () block
|
||||||
ib inner {} block
|
iB inner {} block
|
||||||
|
it inner <> block
|
||||||
Esc exit visual mode
|
Esc exit visual mode
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
VISUAL MODE COMMANDS
|
VISUAL MODE COMMANDS
|
||||||
@@ -194,6 +247,7 @@ v% selects matching parenthesis
|
|||||||
vi{ selects matching curly brace
|
vi{ selects matching curly brace
|
||||||
vi" selects text between double quotes
|
vi" selects text between double quotes
|
||||||
vi' selects text between single quotes
|
vi' selects text between single quotes
|
||||||
|
gv reselect the last selected area
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
# SPELLING
|
# SPELLING
|
||||||
@@ -283,7 +337,6 @@ CTRL-w < increase window width
|
|||||||
CTRL-w > decrease window width
|
CTRL-w > decrease window width
|
||||||
CTRL-w = equal window
|
CTRL-w = equal window
|
||||||
CTRL-w o close other windows
|
CTRL-w o close other windows
|
||||||
zz Centers the window to the current line
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
@@ -306,12 +359,14 @@ clast display the last error
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
% show matching brace, bracket, or parenthese
|
% show matching brace, bracket, or parenthese
|
||||||
gf edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor
|
gf edit the file whose name is under the cursor
|
||||||
|
gF edit the file whose name is under the cursor and jump to the line number
|
||||||
gd when the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration
|
gd when the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration
|
||||||
'' return to the line where the cursor was before the latest jump
|
'' return to the line where the cursor was before the latest jump
|
||||||
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
|
|
||||||
CTRL-o move to previous position you were at
|
CTRL-o move to previous position you were at
|
||||||
CTRL-i move to more recent position you were at
|
CTRL-i move to more recent position you were at
|
||||||
|
:set nu display numbers (short for :set number)
|
||||||
|
:set nonu hide numbers (short for :set nonumber)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##############################################################################
|
##############################################################################
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user