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Author SHA1 Message Date
shrutiag14
59cd0aabba Merge 2e6303c1f9 into 0931c8fc67 2024-08-22 12:26:31 +02:00
Julien Le Coupanec
0931c8fc67 Merge pull request #356 from rukywe/update-mysql-commands 
Add Comprehensive MySQL Commands to Cheatsheet
 2024-06-20 23:30:39 +02:00
Julien Le Coupanec
3c2016f645 Merge pull request #273 from erfanansari/update-vim 
add more shortcuts to vim.txt
 2024-06-20 23:29:42 +02:00
Kelvin Anigboro
4fdd37d875 Add Comprehensive MySQL Commands to Cheatsheet 2024-01-01 18:33:13 +00:00
Erfan Ansari
707a1a22e2 add more shortcuts 2022-03-09 13:38:02 +03:30
shrutiag14
2e6303c1f9 Create C++.txt 2021-05-04 10:31:56 +05:30
3 changed files with 631 additions and 25 deletions
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66
databases/mysql.sh
View File

@@ -16,3 +16,69 @@ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON prospectwith.* TO 'power'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; # Create user
mysql -u root -pmypassword -e "MY SQL QUERY" &>> query.log & disown # Run SQL query in the background
# *****************************************************************************
# Database and Table Operations
# *****************************************************************************
CREATE DATABASE database_name; # Create a new database
DROP DATABASE database_name; # Delete a database
CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...); # Create a new table
DROP TABLE table_name; # Delete a table
SHOW TABLES; # Display all tables in the current database
DESCRIBE table_name; # Show the structure of a table
# *****************************************************************************
# Data Manipulation
# *****************************************************************************
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...); # Insert data into a table
UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition; # Update existing data in a table
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Delete data from a table
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Select data from a table
# *****************************************************************************
# Backup and Restore
# *****************************************************************************
mysqldump -u username -p database_name table1 table2 > file.sql # Backup specific tables
mysql -u username -p database_name < file.sql # Restore specific tables
# *****************************************************************************
# User Management and Security
# *****************************************************************************
REVOKE privilege_type ON database_name.table_name FROM 'username'@'hostname'; # Revoke privileges from a user
DROP USER 'username'@'hostname'; # Delete a user
ALTER USER 'username'@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'newpassword'; # Reset a user's password
# *****************************************************************************
# Performance and Maintenance
# *****************************************************************************
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name; # Optimize a table
ANALYZE TABLE table_name; # Analyze a table for key distribution and storage optimization
CHECK TABLE table_name; # Check a table for errors
REPAIR TABLE table_name; # Repair a corrupted table
# *****************************************************************************
# Advanced Queries
# *****************************************************************************
SELECT ... FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column; # Perform a join operation between two tables
SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... FROM table_name) AS subquery; # Use a subquery within another query
SELECT column, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; # Group results and use aggregate functions
# *****************************************************************************
# System Information
# *****************************************************************************
SELECT VERSION(); # Show the current version of MySQL
SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user; # List all current MySQL users
# *****************************************************************************
# Miscellaneous
# *****************************************************************************
SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; # Enable query logging
SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST; # Show the last queries executed in MySQL

485
languages/C++.txt Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
#DATA TYPES
1)void - type with empty set of values.There is no structure assosciated with void except pointers.
std::nullptr_t is a special pointer that is not itself a pointer type.
2) int - stores an integer value .
4 bytes C++ standard since C11. (for 16-bit OS its 2 bytes)
Hence,int value ranges from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
3) float - stores an decimal value.
4 bytes .
4) char - stores a single character value(ASCII values)
1 byte.(0 to 255)
5) bool - stores a boolean value.(true or false)
1 byte.
stores a value 0 or 1 indicating tue or false.
# MODIFIERS
C++ has modifiers for extending the limits of the basic data types for some advanced calculation.There are 2 types of Modifiers:-
1)Signedness
# signed - by default,target will have signed representation ,which means a variable can take negative values.
# unsigned - target data type will be unsigned means only positive(absolute) values will be taken by that type.
2) Size
# short - Target data type will have a width of atleast 2 bytes.The data type is optimized for lower bounds using less space.
# long - Target data type will have a width of atleast 4 bytes.
# long long - Target data type will have a width of at least 8 bytes.
Character Types
1) signed char
2) unsigned char
3) char
4) wchar_t
Float Types
1) float
2) double
3) long double
# DATA STRUCTURES
1) ARRAYS
to declare an array of any type : data_type name_of_array[size of array];
array cannot be re-intialized with the number of elements.
2) LINKED LIST
a linked list in cpp is built-in in the form of vectors
to declare an vector(linked list) in cpp : vector<data_type> name;
you have to include vector library. #include<vector>
3) STACK
to make a stack in cpp : stack<data_type> name;
you have to include stack library .#include<stack>
4) QUEUE
to make a queue in cpp : queue<data_type> name;
you have to include queue library .#include<queue>
cout<<"Anything"<<variables<<endl;
* This prints text on console (Console OUTput).
cin>>x;
* This inputs data from user and stores in specified variables.
cin.getline(variable,characters in it)
* This is specially used for white sapced (Spaces) input.
* Declare a variable named x
DataType Description
int x; // Integer var named x
char x; // Character var stores one alphabet,numerics,special symbol and is one byte.
string x; // Characterd back to back
bool x; // Boolean value (1 or 0)(true or false)
float x; // Real values (decimal numbers)
*
#KEYWORDS (reserved words ,have special functionality).There are 97 keywords in C++ as of C20 standard.
1) alignas -specifies the alignment requirement of a type or an object.
2) alignof -queries alignment requirements of a type.
3) and -logical and operator.(alternative to &&)
4) and_eq -bitwise and operator .(alternative to &= ,x&=y or x=x&y)
5) asm -embed assembly code within C++ program.
6) atomic_cancel -
7) atomic_commit -
8) atomic_noexcept
9) auto -automatic intializer or return type evaluated.
10) bitand -alternative for bitwise and. (&)
11) bitor -alternative for bitwise or. (|)
12) bool -data type,capable of holding either true or false.
13) break -terminating statement for, loops and switch statements.
14) case -transfer control to one of the several statements depending on the value of conditions.
15) catch -used in exception handling.
16) char -data type character.
17) char8_t -character data type 1 byte.(UTF-8 bit character)
18) char16_t -character data type 2 bytes.(UTF-16 bit character)
19) char32_t -character data type 4 bytes.(UTF-32 bit character)
20) class -declaration of user-defined data types.
21) compl -compliment operator.(alternative to ~)
22) concept -named set of requirements.
23) const -defines that the type is constant.
24) consteval -specifies that a function is an immediate function.
25) constexpr -specifies that the value of a variable or function can appear in constant expression.
26) constinit -asserts that a variable has static intialization.
27) const_cast -converts between types with different cv-qualification.
28) continue -causes the remaining body of loops to be skipped.
29) co_await -suspend operation until resumed.
30) co_return -complete execution returning a value.
31) co_yield -suspend execution returning a value.
32) decltype -inspects the declared type of an entity or the type and value category of an expression.
33) default -transfer control to one of the several statements,explicitly defaultedfunction definition.
34) delete -destroy previously allocated objects,ill-formed functions.
35) do -do-while loop.(executes a statement repeatedly,until condition is false)
36) double -double precision floating point.
37) dynamic_cast -safely converts pointers and references to classes along the inheritance hierarchy.
38) else -if the bool value of if() is false then this block gets executed.
39) enum -enumeration is a distinct type whose value is restricted to a range of values.
40) explicit -specifies that a constructor or conversion function cannot be used for implicit conversions and copy initialization.
41) export -exports all namespace-scope declaration.
42) extern -applies the language specification for external linkages of function names,types and variables.
43) false -a boolean literal indicating condition is not satisfied.
44) float -data type declaration for floating point numbers.
45) for -intializes counter once and iterates over and over again incrementing the counter each time ,till the condition is met.Range based for loop executes over a range.
46) friend -a friend declaration appears in a class body to grants a function or another class access to private and protected members.
47) goto -transfers control unconditionally.
48) if -if the condition yields true then the block of code gets executed.
49) inline -declares a function to be inline function .
50) int -basic integer data type.
51) long -target type will have a width of atleast 4 bytes.
52) mutable -permits modification of class members even if they are declared const.
53) namespace -provide a method for preventing name conflicts in large projects.
54) new -creates and initializes objects with dynamic storage duration.
55) noexcept -performs a compile time check that returns true if an expression is declared not to throw exceptions.
56) not -alternative operator for !
57) not_eq -alternative operator for !=
58) null_ptr -denotes a pointer literal.
59) operator -customizes C++ operators for operands of user-defined data type
60) or -alternative to | operator.
61) or_eq -alternative to |= operator.
62) private -member specification of class/struct or union ,define the accessibility of subsequent members.
63) protected -member specification of class/struct or union ,define the accessibility of subsequent members and inherited members of base class.
64) public - member specification of class/struct or union ,define the accessibility of subsequent members to any subsequent class.
65) reflexpr -
66) register -automatic storage duration.
67) reinterpret_cast -converts between types by reinterpreting the underlying bit pattern.
68) requires -used to introduce a requires-clause, which specifies constraints on template arguments or on a function declaration.
69) return -terminates the current function and gives back a specified value to the caller.
70) short -target type will be optimized for space and will have a width of 2 bytes atleast.
71) signed -target will have a signed representation.
72) sizeof -used when actual size of object must be known.
73) static -specified variables will have static storage duration.
74) static_asset -performs compile-time assertion check.
75) static_cast -converts between types using a combination of implicit and user-defined conversions.
76) struct -class with public member accessibility by default.
77) switch -transfer control to one of the several statements,depending on the value of condition.
78) synchronized -
79) template -template is an entity of family of either classes,functions or variables.
80) this -a prvalue expression whose value is the address of the implicit object parameter.
81) thread_local -thread storage duration.
82) throw -signals and erroneous conditions and executes an error handler.
83) true -a boolean literal indicating condition is satisfied.
84) try -associates one or more exception handlers with a compound statement.
85) typedef -creates an alias that can be used anywhere in place of a type name.
86) typeid -used where the dynamic type or polymorphic object must be known and for static type identification.
87) typename -similar word for class.
88) union -a special class type that can hold only one of its non-static data members at a time.
89) unsigned -target type will have a unsigned representation.
90) using -introduces a name that is defines elsewhere into the declarative region .
91) virtual -virtual functions or classes are defined using the virtual keyword.
92) void -type with empty set of values.
93) volatile -defines that the type is volatile.
94) wchar_t -type for wide character representation.
95) while -executes statements repeatedly untill the condition becomes false.
96) xor -alternative operator for ^
97) xor_eq -alternative operatir for ^=
#HEADER FILES
#include<files>
*This makes the compiler aware that other files are required for the complete working of this source code.
List of Header files and their respective functions in C++
1) <cstdlib> General purpose library.
Function name use cases return type Parameters
malloc allocates memory void* 1(number of bytes)
calloc allocates and zeroes memory void* 2(no.of obj,size of each obj)
realloc expands or shrinks previously allocated memory void* 2(pointer to mem area allocated,new size of array)
free deallocates previously allocated memory void 1(pointer to memory to deallocate)
atof converts a byte string to floating point value double 1(string)
atoll converts a byte string to integer value int/long/long long 1(string)
strtoull converts a byte string to unsigned integer long/long long 3(str ,str_end ,base)
strtold convert a byte string to a float point value float/double/lonng double 2(str ,str_end)
rand generate pseudo-random numbers int 0
srand seeds pseudo-random number generation void 1(seed)
qsort sorts range of element with unspecified type. void 4(ptr ,count ,size ,comp)
bsearch searches an array for an element of unspecified type. void* 5(key ,ptr ,count ,size ,comp)
abs/llabs completes absolute value of an integer value. int/long/long long 1(int)
lldiv computes quotient and remainder of integer division obj 2(int,int)
abort abnormal program termination without cleaning up. void 0
exit normal program termination with cleaning up. void 1(exit_code)
mblen returns number of bytes in next multibyte characters. int 2(ptr ,int)
mbtowc converts a next multilayer character to wide characters. int 3(int , ptr , ptr)
wctomb converts a next multilayer character to wide characters. int 2(wide char , ptr)
2) <bitset> general utility library
operator& performs binary logic operations on bitsets.(and)
operator| performs binary logic operations on bitsets.(or) }obj 2(lhs ,rhs)
operator^ performs binary logic operations on bitsets.(xor)
operator>> performs stream output of bitsets
operator<< performs stream input of bitsets
3) <utility> general utility library
swap swaps the value of two objects. obj 2(a ,b)
exchange replaces the argument with a new value and returns its previous value. obj 2(obj , new_obj)
forward forwards a function argument. obj 1(obj)
move obtains an rvalue refrence. obj 1(obj)
std::get access an element of a pair. refernce (ptr) 1(obj)
operator<=> lexicographically compares the value in pair. boolean 2(lhs , rhs)
in_range checks if an integer value is in the range of a given integer type. boolean 1(obj)
cmp_equal
cmp_not_equal
cmp_less } compares two integer values without value change caused by conversion. boolean 2(u , t )
cmp_greater
cmp_less_equal
cmp_greater_equal
4) <functional> provudes standard hash functions
bind_front binds a variable number of arguments,in order,to a function object. obj 2(obj , args)
bind binds one or more arguments to a function object. obj 2(obj , args)
ref/cref creates a std::reference_wrapper with a type deduced from its argument. obj 1(ptr to obj)
invoke invokes any callable object with given arguments. obj 2(obj , args)
5) <ctime> C-style time/date utility.
clock returns raw processor clock time since the program started. int (time) 0
time returns the current time of the system since epoch. obj 1(ptr)
difftime computes the difference between times. int (time) 2(time_begin , time_end)
time_spec_get returns the calender time based on a given time base. int 2(ptr , base)
6) <chrono> C++ time/date utility
opeartors
+
-
* }implements arithmetic operations with durations as arguments. obj 4(lhs , rhs , d , s)
/
%
operators
==
<
> }compares two durations. obj 2(lhs , rhs )
<=
>=
<=>
duration cast converts a duration to another. time duration(int ,float,etc) 1(duration time)
floor converts a duration to another,rounding down. time duration(int ,float,etc) 1(duration time)
ceil converts a duration to another,rounding up. time duration(int ,float,etc) 1(duration time)
round converts a duration to another,rounding to nearest,ties to even. time duration(int ,float,etc) 1(duration time)
abs obtain the absolute value of the duration. time duration(int ,float,etc) 1(duration time)
7) <algorithm>
all_of
any_of } checks for any predicate is true for elements in a range. boolean 4(first ,last, policy ,predicate)
none_of
for_each applies a function to a range of elements obj 4(first ,last, policy ,obj)
for_each_n applies a function to a range of n elements in a sequence integer 4(first ,last, policy ,obj)
count }returns the number of elements satisfying a criteria. integer 4(first ,last, policy ,predicate)
count_if
mismatch finds first position where two ranges differ. obj 6(first1 ,last1 ,first2 ,last2 ,policy ,binary predicate)
find
find_if }finds first element which satisfies specific criteria. obj 6(first, last ,policy ,valur,unary predicate,binary predicate)
find_if
find_if_not
find_end finds the last sequence of elements in a range. obj 6(first ,last ,s_first ,s_last, ppolicy ,binary predicate)
find_first_of searches for any one of a set of elements.
adjacent_find finds first two adjacent items that are equal.
search searches for a range of elements.
search_n searches a range for a number of consecutive copies of an element
copy }copies a range of elements to a new location
copy_if
copy_n copies a range of elements to a new location.
copy_backward copies a range of elements in backward order.
move moves a range of elements to a new location.
move_backward moves a range of elements to a new location in backward location.
fill copy-assigns the given value to every element in a range.
fill_n copy-assigns the given value to N elements in a range.
transform applies a function to a range of elements, storing results in a destination range.
generate assigns the results of successive function calls to every element in a range .
generate_n assigns the results of successive function calls to N elements in a range.
remove }removes elements satisfying specific criteria.
remove_if
remove_copy }copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria.
remove_copy_if
replace }replaces all values satisfying specific criteria with another value.
replace_if
replace_copy }copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value.
replace_copy_if
swap swaps the values of two objects.
swap_ranges swaps two ranges of elements.
iter_swap swaps the elements pointed to by two iterators.
reverse reverses the order of elements in a range.
reverse_copy creates a copy of a range that is reversed.
rotate rotates the order of elements in a range.
rotate_copy copies and rotate a range of elements.
shift_left }shifts elements in a range.
shift_right
shuffle }randomly re-orders elements in a range.
random_shuffle
sample selects n random elements from a sequence.
unique removes consecutive duplicate elements in a range.
unique_copy creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates.
is_partitioned determines if the range is partitioned by the given predicate.
partition divides a range of elements into two groups.
partition_copy copies a range dividing the elements into two groups.
stable_partition divides elements into two groups while preserving their relative order.
partition_point locates the partition point of a partitioned range.
is_sorted }checks whether a range is sorted into ascending order.
is_sorted_until
sort sorts a range into ascending order.
partial_sort sorts the first N elements of a range.
partial_sirt_copy copies and partially sorts a range of elements.
stable_sort sorts a range of elements while preserving order between equal elements.
nth_element partially sorts the given range, partitioned by the given element.
lower_bound returns an iterator to the first element not less than the given value.
upper_bound returns an iterator to the first element greater than a certain value.
binary_search determines if an element exists in a certain range.
equal_range returns range of elements matching a specific key.
merge merges two sorted ranges.
inplace_merge merges two ordered ranges in-place.
includes returns true if one sequence is a subsequence of another .
set_differences computes the difference between two sets.
set_interactions computes the intersection of two sets.
set_symmetric_difference computes the symmetric difference between two sets.
set_union computes the union of two sets.
is_heap checks if the given range is a max heap.
is_heap_until finds the largest subrange that is a max heap.
make_heap creates a max heap out of a range of elements.
push_heap adds an element to a max heap.
pop_heap removes the largest element from a max heap.
sort_heap turns a max heap into a range of elements sorted in ascending order.
max returns the greater of the given values.
max_element returns the largest element in a range.
min returns the smaller of the given values.
min_element returns the smallest element in a range.
minmax returns the smaller and larger of two elements.
minmax_element returns the smallest and the largest elements in a range.
clamp clamps a value between a pair of boundary values.
equal determines if two sets of elements are the same.
lexicographical_compare returns true if one range is lexicographically less than another.
lexicographical_compare_three_way compares two ranges using three-way comparison.
is_permutation determines if a sequence is a permutation of another sequence.
next_permutation generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements.
prev_permutation generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements.
range::all of the above functions in algorithm
8) <cmath>
abs
fabs }absolute value of a floating point value.
fabsf
fabsl
fmod
fmodf }remainder of the floating point division operation.
fmodl
remainder
remainderf }signed remainder of the division operation.
remainderl
remquo
remquof }signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation.
remquol
fma
fmaf }fused multiply-add operation.
fmal
fmax
fmaxf }larger of two floating point values.
fmaxl
fmin
fminf }smaller of two floating point values.
fminl
fdim
fdimf }positive difference of two floating point values.
fdiml
nan
nanf }not-a-number (NaN).
nanl
lerp linear interpolation function.
exp expf expl returns e raised to the given power.
exp2 exp2f exp2l returns 2 raised to the given power.
expm1 expm1f expm1l returns e raised to the given power, minus one.
log logf logl computes natural (base e) logarithm.
log10 log10f log10l computes common (base 10) logarithm.
log2 log2f log2l base 2 logarithm of the given number.
log1p log1pf log1pl natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number.
pow powf powl raises a number to the given power.
sqrt sqrtf sqrtl computes square root.
cbrt cbrtf cbrtl computes cubic root.
hypot hypotf hypotl computes square root of the sum of the squares of two or three given numbers.
sin sinf sinl computes sine.
cos cosf cosl computes cosine.
tan tanf tanl computes tangent.
asin asinf asinl computes arc sine.
acos acosf acosl computes arc cosine.
atan atanf atanl computes arc tangent.
sinh sinhf sinhl computes hyperbolic sine.
cosh coshf coshl computes hyperbolic cosine.
tanh tanhf tanhl computes hyperbolic tangent.
asinh asinhf asinhl computes the inverse hyperbolic sine.
acosh acochf acoshl computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine.
atanh atanhf atanhl computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent.
erf erff erfl error function.
erfc erfcf erfcl complementary error function.
tgamma tgammaf tgammal gamma function.
lgamma lgammaf lgammal natural logarithm of the gamma function.
ceil ceilf ceill nearest integer not less than the given value.
floor floorf floorl nearest integer not greater than the given value.
trunc truncf truncl nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value.
round roundf roundl
lround lroundf lroundl } nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases..
llround llroundf llroundl
nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nearest integer using current rounding mode.
9) <complex>
operator+
operator- }applies unary operators to complex numbers.
opeartor* performs complex number arithmetics on two complex values or a complex and a scalar.
operator/
operator==
operator!= }compares two complex numbers or a complex and a scalar.
operator>>
opeartor<< }serializes and deserializes a complex number.
real returns the real component.
imag returns the imaginary component.
abs returns the magnitude of a complex number.
arg returns the phase angle.
norm returns the squared magnitude.
conj returns the complex conjugate.
proj returns the projection onto the Riemann sphere.
polar constructs a complex number from magnitude and phase angle.
exp complex base e exponential.
log complex natural logarithm with the branch cuts along the negative real axis.
log10 complex common logarithm with the branch cuts along the negative real axis.
pow complex power, one or both arguments may be a complex number.
sqrt complex square root in the range of the right half-plane.
sin cos tan computes sine, cosine and tangent respectively of a complex number.
asin acos atan computes arc sine, arc cosine and arc tangent respectively of a complex number.
sinh cosh tanh computes hyperbolic sine, hyperbolic cosine and hyperbolic tangent respectively of a complex number.
asinh acosh atanh computes area hyperbolic sine, area hyperbolic cosine and area hyperbolic tangent respectively of a complex number.
operator""if
operator""i } A std::complex literal representing pure imaginary number.
operator""il

105
tools/vim.txt
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
##############################################################################
# VIM CHEATSHEET
# WEBSITE: http://www.vim.org/
# WEBSITE: http://www.vim.org/
# DOCUMENTATION: https://vim.sourceforge.io/docs.php
##############################################################################
@@ -20,13 +20,15 @@ e jump to end of words (punctuation considered words)
E jump to end of words (no punctuation)
b jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)
B jump backward by words (no punctuation)
ge jump backward to end of words
ge jump backward to end of a word
gE jump backwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
0 (zero) start of line
^ first non-blank character of line
$ end of line
- move line upwards, on the first non blank character
+ move line downwards, on the first non blank character
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non blank character
$ jump to the end of the line
g_ jump to the last non-blank character of the line
- move line upwards, on the first non-blank character
+ move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
gg go to first line
G go to last line
ngg go to line n
@@ -38,10 +40,6 @@ nG go To line n
} move the cursor a paragraph forwards
]] move the cursor a section forwards or to the next {
[[ move the cursor a section backwards or the previous {
CTRL-f move the cursor forward by a screen of text
CTRL-b move the cursor backward by a screen of text
CTRL-u move the cursor up by half a screen
CTRL-d move the cursor down by half a screen
H move the cursor to the top of the screen.
M move the cursor to the middle of the screen.
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.
@@ -49,6 +47,16 @@ fx search line forward for 'x'
Fx search line backward for 'x'
tx search line forward before 'x'
Tx search line backward before 'x'
CTRL-y moves screen up one line
CTRL-e moves screen down one line
CTRL-u moves cursor & screen up ½ page
CTRL-d moves cursor & screen down ½ page
CTRL-b moves screen up one page, cursor to last line
CTRL-f moves screen down one page, cursor to first line
zz shift current line to middle of screen
z. same as zz but also jumps to the first non-black character
zt shift current line to top of screen
zb shift current line to bottom of screen
##############################################################################
@@ -60,8 +68,15 @@ Tx search line backward before 'x'
ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
`a go to position of bookmark a
'a go to the line with bookmark a
`0 go to the position where Vim was previously exited
`" go to the position when last editing this file
`. go to the line that you last edited
`` go to the position before the last jump
g, go to newer position in change list
g; go to older position in change list
# Tip: To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (`) or an apostrophe (').
# Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.
##############################################################################
# INSERT MODE
@@ -70,10 +85,13 @@ ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
i start insert mode at cursor
I insert at the beginning of the line
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
gI like "I", but always start in column 1
a append after the cursor
A append at the end of the line
o open (append) blank line below current line
O open blank line above current line
CTRL-o Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command(while in insert mode)
Esc exit insert mode
@@ -84,10 +102,25 @@ Esc exit insert mode
r replace a single character (does not use insert mode)
R enter Insert mode, replacing characters rather than inserting
J join line below to the current one
J join line below to the current one with one space in between
gJ join line below to the current one without space in between
cc change (replace) an entire line
cw change (replace) to the end of word
C change (replace) to the end of line
cw change (replace) to the end of word (same as ce)
2cw change (replace) repeat cw twice
ciw change (replace) word under the cursor
caw change (replace) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
ci" change (replace) word inside ""
cit change (replace) html tag content
cat change (replace) html tag
cis change (replace) sentence under the cursor
cas change (replace) sentence under the cursor and the space after or before it
cib change (replace) inside a block with ()
cab change (replace) a block with ()
ciB change (replace) inside a block with {}
caB change (replace) a block with {}
C change (replace) to the end of line(same as c$)
cG change (replace) to the end of the file
cgg change (replace) from first line to current line
ct' change (replace) until the ' character (can change ' for any character)
s delete character at cursor and substitute text
S delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)
@@ -102,6 +135,7 @@ guiw make current word lowercase
gU$ make uppercase until end of line
gu$ make lowercase until end of line
>> indent line one column to right
>i{ indent everything in the {}
<< indent line one column to left
== auto-indent current line
ddp swap current line with next
@@ -110,6 +144,7 @@ ddkP swap current line with previous
:r [name] insert the file [name] below the cursor.
:r !{cmd} execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below the cursor.
# Tip: Instead of b or B one can also use ( or { respectively.
##############################################################################
# DELETING TEXT
@@ -118,10 +153,15 @@ ddkP swap current line with previous
x delete current character
X delete previous character
dw delete the current word
dw delete (cut) to the end of word (same as de)
diw delete (cut) word under the cursor
daw delete (cut) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
dap delete (cut) a paragraph
dd delete (cut) a line
dt' delete until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
D delete from cursor to end of line
dt' delete (cut) until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
dG delete (cut) to the end of the file
dgg delete (cut) from first line to current line
D delete (cut) from cursor to end of line (same as d$)
:[range]d delete [range] lines
@@ -136,6 +176,10 @@ yy yank (copy) a line
y$ yank to end of line
p put (paste) the clipboard after cursor/current line
P put (paste) before cursor/current line
gp put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
gP put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
"+y yank into the system clipboard register
"+p paste from the system clipboard register
:set paste avoid unexpected effects in pasting
:registers display the contents of all registers
"xyw yank word into register x
@@ -147,6 +191,12 @@ P put (paste) before cursor/current line
"xgP just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new text
:[line]put x put the text from register x after [line]
# Tip: if you are using vim extension on vs code, you can enable
"vim.useSystemClipboard": true
in setting.json, this will allow to Use system clipboard for unnamed register.
##############################################################################
# MACROS
@@ -157,6 +207,7 @@ qa start recording macro 'a'
q end recording macro
@a replay macro 'a'
@: replay last command
@@ repeat macro
##############################################################################
@@ -172,9 +223,11 @@ CTRL-v start visual block mode
O move to other corner of block
aw mark a word
ab a () block (with braces)
ab a {} block (with brackets)
aB a {} block (with brackets)
at a block with <> tags
ib inner () block
ib inner {} block
iB inner {} block
it inner <> block
Esc exit visual mode
VISUAL MODE COMMANDS
@@ -194,6 +247,7 @@ v% selects matching parenthesis
vi{ selects matching curly brace
vi" selects text between double quotes
vi' selects text between single quotes
gv reselect the last selected area
##############################################################################
# SPELLING
@@ -240,7 +294,7 @@ set ic ignore case: turn on
set noic ignore case: turn off
:%s/old/new/g replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc replace all old with new throughout file with confirmation
:argdo %s/old/new/gc | wq open multiple files and run this command to replace old
:argdo %s/old/new/gc | wq open multiple files and run this command to replace old
with new in every file with confirmation, save and quit
@@ -283,7 +337,6 @@ CTRL-w < increase window width
CTRL-w > decrease window width
CTRL-w = equal window
CTRL-w o close other windows
zz Centers the window to the current line
##############################################################################
@@ -306,12 +359,14 @@ clast display the last error
% show matching brace, bracket, or parenthese
gf edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor
gf edit the file whose name is under the cursor
gF edit the file whose name is under the cursor and jump to the line number
gd when the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration
'' return to the line where the cursor was before the latest jump
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
CTRL-o move to previous position you were at
CTRL-i move to more recent position you were at
:set nu display numbers (short for :set number)
:set nonu hide numbers (short for :set nonumber)
##############################################################################
@@ -485,7 +540,7 @@ CTRL-n jump to the next empty tag / attribute
cs'" change surrounding quotes to double-quotes
cs(} change surrounding parens to braces
cs(} change surrounding parens to braces
cs({ change surrounding parens to braces with space
ds' delete surrounding quotes
dst delete surrounding tags
@@ -593,7 +648,7 @@ jj exit insertion mode
<leader>/ clear the search register
<leader>h toggle hidden characters
<leader>h toggle hidden characters
<leader>W strip all trailing whitespace
@@ -661,5 +716,5 @@ CTRL-y go to next tag of attribute in sparkup plugin
<leader>g toggle Gundo window
IMG<CR> show image browser to insert image tag with src, width and height
b insert image tag with dimensions from NERDTree
b insert image tag with dimensions from NERDTree
(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5707925/vim-image-placement)