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217ff723ea
| Author | SHA1 | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
 Ashwin Bose
|
217ff723ea | ||
|
Ashwin Bose
|
12f7e23f8f |
@@ -1,29 +1,17 @@
|
||||
<div align="center">
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://lecoupa.github.io/awesome-cheatsheets/)
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/5584" target="_blank">
|
||||
<img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/5584" alt="LeCoupa%2Fawesome-cheatsheets | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://awesome.re) [](https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/blob/master/LICENSE)
|
||||
|
||||
**WEBSITE DIRECTORY**: [Available here](https://lecoupa.github.io/awesome-cheatsheets/)
|
||||
**WEBSITE DIRECTORY**: [Available here](https://lecoupa.github.io/awesome-cheatsheets/).
|
||||
|
||||
> 📚 Awesome cheatsheets for popular programming languages, frameworks and development tools. They include everything you should know in one single file.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 🤔 Why Awesome-Cheatsheets?
|
||||
|
||||
I usually make a cheat sheet when I want to improve my skills in a programming language, a framework or a development tool. [I started doing these kinds of things a long time ago on Gist](https://gist.github.com/LeCoupa). To better keep track of the history and to let people contribute, I re-organized all of them into this single repository. Most of the content is coming from official documentation and some books I have read.
|
||||
|
||||
Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to provide a quick way to assess your knowledge and to save you time.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 📚 Table of Contents
|
||||
|
||||
### 📃 Languages
|
||||
@@ -32,48 +20,46 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
|
||||
<summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Command line interface
|
||||
|
||||
- [Bash](languages/bash.sh)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Imperative
|
||||
|
||||
- [C](languages/C.txt)
|
||||
- [C#](languages/C%23.txt)
|
||||
- [Go](languages/golang.md)
|
||||
- [Java](languages/java.md)
|
||||
- [PHP](languages/php.php)
|
||||
- [Python](languages/python.md)
|
||||
- [XML](languages/XML.md)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Functional
|
||||
|
||||
- [JavaScript](languages/javascript.js)
|
||||
- [Typescript](languages/typescript.md)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 📦 Backend
|
||||
|
||||
<details>
|
||||
<summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
#### PHP
|
||||
|
||||
- [Laravel](backend/laravel.php)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Python
|
||||
|
||||
- [Django](backend/django.py)
|
||||
|
||||
#### JavaScript
|
||||
#### Javascript
|
||||
|
||||
- [Adonis.js](backend/adonis.js)
|
||||
- [Express.js](backend/express.js)
|
||||
- [Feathers.js](backend/feathers.js)
|
||||
- [Moleculer](backend/moleculer.js)
|
||||
- [Node.js](backend/node.js)
|
||||
- [Sails.js](backend/sails.js)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
### 🌐 Frontend
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -81,20 +67,19 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
|
||||
<summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basics
|
||||
|
||||
- [HTML5](frontend/html5.html)
|
||||
- [CSS3](frontend/css3.css)
|
||||
- [Typescript](frontend/typescript.ts)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Frameworks
|
||||
|
||||
- [React.js](frontend/react.js)
|
||||
- [Vue.js](frontend/vue.js)
|
||||
- [Tailwind.css](frontend/tailwind.css)
|
||||
- [Ember.js](frontend/ember.js)
|
||||
- [Angular (2+)](frontend/angular.js)
|
||||
- [AngularJS](frontend/angularjs.js)
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
### 🗃️ Databases
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -102,15 +87,13 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
|
||||
<summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
#### SQL
|
||||
|
||||
- [MySQL](databases/mysql.sh)
|
||||
|
||||
#### NoSQL
|
||||
- [MongoDB](databases/mongodb.sh)
|
||||
|
||||
- [Redis](databases/redis.sh)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
### 🔧 Tools
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -118,6 +101,7 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
|
||||
<summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Development
|
||||
|
||||
- [cURL](tools/curl.sh)
|
||||
- [Drush](tools/drush.sh)
|
||||
- [Elasticsearch](tools/elasticsearch.js)
|
||||
@@ -130,35 +114,25 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
|
||||
- [Xcode](tools/xcode.txt)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Infrastructure
|
||||
|
||||
- [AWS CLI](tools/aws.sh)
|
||||
- [Docker](tools/docker.sh)
|
||||
- [GCP CLI](tools/gcp.md)
|
||||
- [Heroku CLI](tools/heroku.sh)
|
||||
- [Kubernetes](tools/kubernetes.md)
|
||||
- [macOS](tools/macos.sh)
|
||||
- [Nanobox Boxfile](tools/nanobox_boxfile.yml)
|
||||
- [Nanobox CLI](tools/nanobox_cli.sh)
|
||||
- [Nginx](tools/nginx.sh)
|
||||
- [PM2](tools/pm2.sh)
|
||||
- [Ubuntu](tools/ubuntu.sh)
|
||||
- [Firebase CLI](tools/firebase_cli.md)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
## 🙌🏼 How to Contribute?
|
||||
|
||||
You are more than welcome to contribute and build your own cheat sheet for your favorite programming language, framework or development tool. Just submit changes via pull request and I will review them before merging.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 👩💻👨💻 Our valuable Contributors
|
||||
|
||||
<div align="center">
|
||||
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/graphs/contributors">
|
||||
<p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/graphs/contributors">
|
||||
<img src="https://contributors-img.web.app/image?repo=LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets" />
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</a></p>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -16,99 +16,3 @@ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON prospectwith.* TO 'power'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
|
||||
CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; # Create user
|
||||
|
||||
mysql -u root -pmypassword -e "MY SQL QUERY" &>> query.log & disown # Run SQL query in the background
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Database and Table Operations
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE DATABASE database_name; # Create a new database
|
||||
DROP DATABASE database_name; # Delete a database
|
||||
CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...); # Create a new table
|
||||
DROP TABLE table_name; # Delete a table
|
||||
SHOW TABLES; # Display all tables in the current database
|
||||
DESCRIBE table_name; # Show the structure of a table
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Data Manipulation
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...); # Insert data into a table
|
||||
UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition; # Update existing data in a table
|
||||
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Delete data from a table
|
||||
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Select data from a table
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Backup and Restore
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
mysqldump -u username -p database_name table1 table2 > file.sql # Backup specific tables
|
||||
mysql -u username -p database_name < file.sql # Restore specific tables
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# User Management and Security
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
REVOKE privilege_type ON database_name.table_name FROM 'username'@'hostname'; # Revoke privileges from a user
|
||||
DROP USER 'username'@'hostname'; # Delete a user
|
||||
ALTER USER 'username'@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'newpassword'; # Reset a user's password
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Performance and Maintenance
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name; # Optimize a table
|
||||
ANALYZE TABLE table_name; # Analyze a table for key distribution and storage optimization
|
||||
CHECK TABLE table_name; # Check a table for errors
|
||||
REPAIR TABLE table_name; # Repair a corrupted table
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Advanced Queries
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT ... FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column; # Perform a join operation between two tables
|
||||
SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... FROM table_name) AS subquery; # Use a subquery within another query
|
||||
SELECT column, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; # Group results and use aggregate functions
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# System Information
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
SELECT VERSION(); # Show the current version of MySQL
|
||||
SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user; # List all current MySQL users
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Miscellaneous
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; # Enable query logging
|
||||
SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST; # Show the last queries executed in MySQL
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Altering Table Structure
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_name datatype; # Add a new column to an existing table
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype; # Change the data type of a column
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME COLUMN old_name TO new_name; # Rename a column (MySQL 8.0+)
|
||||
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name; # Remove a column from a table
|
||||
ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME TO new_table_name; # Rename an entire table
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Indexes (Performance Tuning)
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column_name); # Create a standard index to speed up queries
|
||||
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column_name); # Create a unique index (no duplicate values)
|
||||
SHOW INDEX FROM table_name; # List all indexes on a specific table
|
||||
DROP INDEX idx_name ON table_name; # Remove an index from a table
|
||||
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Analyze how MySQL executes a query (Check index usage)
|
||||
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
# Transactions (Data Integrity)
|
||||
# *****************************************************************************
|
||||
|
||||
START TRANSACTION; # Begin a new transaction
|
||||
COMMIT; # Save all changes made during the transaction
|
||||
ROLLBACK; # Undo all changes if an error occurs before commit
|
||||
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0; # Disable automatic commits for the current session
|
||||
SET AUTOCOMMIT = 1; # Re-enable automatic commits after finishing manual transactions
|
||||
|
||||
+47
-71
@@ -43,14 +43,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
.hidden /* display: none; */
|
||||
.block /* display: block; */
|
||||
.flow-root /* display: flow-root; */
|
||||
.inline-block /* display: inline-block; */
|
||||
.inline /* display: inline; */
|
||||
.flex /* display: flex; */
|
||||
.inline-flex /* display: inline-flex; */
|
||||
.grid /* display: grid; */
|
||||
.inline-grid /* display: inline-grid; */
|
||||
.contents /* display: contents; */
|
||||
.table /* display: table; */
|
||||
.table-caption /* display: table-caption; */
|
||||
.table-cell /* display: table-cell; */
|
||||
@@ -71,6 +68,7 @@
|
||||
.float-right /* float: right; */
|
||||
.float-left /* float: left; */
|
||||
.float-none /* float: none; */
|
||||
.clearfix /* &::after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } */
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Clear
|
||||
@@ -132,6 +130,8 @@
|
||||
.overflow-y-visible /* overflow-y: visible; */
|
||||
.overflow-x-scroll /* overflow-x: scroll; */
|
||||
.overflow-y-scroll /* overflow-y: scroll; */
|
||||
.scrolling-touch /* -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; */
|
||||
.scrolling-auto /* -webkit-overflow-scrolling: auto; */
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Position
|
||||
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
|
||||
* By default, only responsive variants are generated for flex-wrap utilities.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
.flex-nowrap /* flex-wrap: nowrap; */
|
||||
.flex-no-wrap /* flex-wrap: nowrap; */
|
||||
.flex-wrap /* flex-wrap: wrap; */
|
||||
.flex-wrap-reverse /* flex-wrap: wrap-reverse; */
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -478,44 +478,44 @@
|
||||
.gap-56 /* gap: 14rem; */
|
||||
.gap-64 /* gap: 16rem; */
|
||||
.gap-px /* gap: 1px; */
|
||||
.gap-y-0 /* row-gap: 0; */
|
||||
.gap-y-1 /* row-gap: 0.25rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-2 /* row-gap: 0.5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-3 /* row-gap: 0.75rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-4 /* row-gap: 1rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-5 /* row-gap: 1.25rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-6 /* row-gap: 1.5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-8 /* row-gap: 2rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-10 /* row-gap: 2.5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-12 /* row-gap: 3rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-16 /* row-gap: 4rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-20 /* row-gap: 5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-24 /* row-gap: 6rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-32 /* row-gap: 8rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-40 /* row-gap: 10rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-48 /* row-gap: 12rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-56 /* row-gap: 14rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-64 /* row-gap: 16rem; */
|
||||
.gap-y-px /* row-gap: 1px; */
|
||||
.gap-x-0 /* column-gap: 0; */
|
||||
.gap-x-1 /* column-gap: 0.25rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-2 /* column-gap: 0.5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-3 /* column-gap: 0.75rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-4 /* column-gap: 1rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-5 /* column-gap: 1.25rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-6 /* column-gap: 1.5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-8 /* column-gap: 2rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-10 /* column-gap: 2.5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-12 /* column-gap: 3rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-16 /* column-gap: 4rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-20 /* column-gap: 5rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-24 /* column-gap: 6rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-32 /* column-gap: 8rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-40 /* column-gap: 10rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-48 /* column-gap: 12rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-56 /* column-gap: 14rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-64 /* column-gap: 16rem; */
|
||||
.gap-x-px /* column-gap: 1px; */
|
||||
.row-gap-0 /* row-gap: 0; */
|
||||
.row-gap-1 /* row-gap: 0.25rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-2 /* row-gap: 0.5rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-3 /* row-gap: 0.75rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-4 /* row-gap: 1rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-5 /* row-gap: 1.25rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-6 /* row-gap: 1.5rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-8 /* row-gap: 2rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-10 /* row-gap: 2.5rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-12 /* row-gap: 3rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-16 /* row-gap: 4rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-20 /* row-gap: 5rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-24 /* row-gap: 6rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-32 /* row-gap: 8rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-40 /* row-gap: 10rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-48 /* row-gap: 12rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-56 /* row-gap: 14rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-64 /* row-gap: 16rem; */
|
||||
.row-gap-px /* row-gap: 1px; */
|
||||
.col-gap-0 /* column-gap: 0; */
|
||||
.col-gap-1 /* column-gap: 0.25rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-2 /* column-gap: 0.5rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-3 /* column-gap: 0.75rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-4 /* column-gap: 1rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-5 /* column-gap: 1.25rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-6 /* column-gap: 1.5rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-8 /* column-gap: 2rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-10 /* column-gap: 2.5rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-12 /* column-gap: 3rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-16 /* column-gap: 4rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-20 /* column-gap: 5rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-24 /* column-gap: 6rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-32 /* column-gap: 8rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-40 /* column-gap: 10rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-48 /* column-gap: 12rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-56 /* column-gap: 14rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-64 /* column-gap: 16rem; */
|
||||
.col-gap-px /* column-gap: 1px; */
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* Grid Auto Flow
|
||||
@@ -1153,8 +1153,8 @@
|
||||
* By default, only responsive, hover and focus variants are generated for font weight utilities.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
.font-thin /* font-weight: 100; */
|
||||
.font-extralight /* font-weight: 200; */
|
||||
.font-hairline /* font-weight: 100; */
|
||||
.font-thin /* font-weight: 200; */
|
||||
.font-light /* font-weight: 300; */
|
||||
.font-normal /* font-weight: 400; */
|
||||
.font-medium /* font-weight: 500; */
|
||||
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
.whitespace-normal /* white-space: normal; */
|
||||
.whitespace-nowrap /* white-space: nowrap; */
|
||||
.whitespace-no-wrap /* white-space: nowrap; */
|
||||
.whitespace-pre /* white-space: pre; */
|
||||
.whitespace-pre-line /* white-space: pre-line; */
|
||||
.whitespace-pre-wrap /* white-space: pre-wrap; */
|
||||
@@ -1902,6 +1902,7 @@
|
||||
* By default, only responsive, hover and focus variants are generated for box shadow utilities.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
.shadow-xs /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); */
|
||||
.shadow-sm /* box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); */
|
||||
.shadow /* box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */
|
||||
.shadow-md /* box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */
|
||||
@@ -1909,34 +1910,9 @@
|
||||
.shadow-xl /* box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); */
|
||||
.shadow-2xl /* box-shadow: 0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); */
|
||||
.shadow-inner /* box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */
|
||||
.shadow-outline /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(66, 153, 225, 0.5); */
|
||||
.shadow-none /* box-shadow: none; */
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* RING
|
||||
* --------------------
|
||||
* Utilities for creating outline rings with box-shadows.
|
||||
* Replaced the old .shadow-outline utility.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
.ring-0 /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 0px; */
|
||||
.ring-1 /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px; */
|
||||
.ring-2 /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px; */
|
||||
.ring-4 /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px; */
|
||||
.ring-8 /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 8px; */
|
||||
.ring /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px; */
|
||||
.ring-inset /* --ring-inset: inset; */
|
||||
|
||||
.ring-transparent /* --ring-color: transparent; */
|
||||
.ring-black /* --ring-color: #000; */
|
||||
.ring-white /* --ring-color: #fff; */
|
||||
.ring-current /* --ring-color: currentColor; */
|
||||
|
||||
.ring-offset-0 /* --ring-offset-width: 0px; */
|
||||
.ring-offset-1 /* --ring-offset-width: 1px; */
|
||||
.ring-offset-2 /* --ring-offset-width: 2px; */
|
||||
.ring-offset-4 /* --ring-offset-width: 4px; */
|
||||
.ring-offset-8 /* --ring-offset-width: 8px; */
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* OPACITY
|
||||
* --------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,670 +0,0 @@
|
||||
/****************************
|
||||
* TYPESCRIPT CHEATSHEET - Quick Reference
|
||||
* Learn more: https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/
|
||||
* Playground: https://www.typescriptlang.org/play
|
||||
* Handbook: https://www.typescriptlang.org/handbook/
|
||||
*
|
||||
* Table of contents
|
||||
* -------------------
|
||||
* 01 | Basic Types
|
||||
* 02 | Variables & Arrays
|
||||
* 03 | Functions
|
||||
* 04 | Objects & Interfaces
|
||||
* 05 | Classes
|
||||
* 06 | Generics
|
||||
* 07 | Union & Literal Types
|
||||
* 08 | Type Guards & Assertions
|
||||
* 09 | Utility Types
|
||||
* 10 | Enums
|
||||
* 11 | Modules
|
||||
* 12 | Advanced Types
|
||||
* 13 | Decorators
|
||||
* 14 | Configuration
|
||||
* 15 | Common Patterns
|
||||
*****************************/
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 01: Basic Types -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Primitive Types
|
||||
let str: string = "hello";
|
||||
let num: number = 42;
|
||||
let bool: boolean = true;
|
||||
let undef: undefined = undefined;
|
||||
let nul: null = null;
|
||||
|
||||
// Special Types
|
||||
let anything: any = "can be anything";
|
||||
let unknown: unknown = "type-safe any";
|
||||
let nothing: void = undefined;
|
||||
let never: never = (() => { throw new Error() })();
|
||||
|
||||
// Type Inference
|
||||
let auto = "TypeScript infers string";
|
||||
let nums = [1, 2, 3]; // number[]
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 02: Variables & Arrays -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Arrays
|
||||
let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
|
||||
let strings: Array<string> = ["a", "b"];
|
||||
let mixed: (string | number)[] = [1, "two"];
|
||||
|
||||
// Tuples
|
||||
let tuple: [string, number] = ["hello", 42];
|
||||
let namedTuple: [name: string, age: number] = ["John", 30];
|
||||
|
||||
// Destructuring
|
||||
let [first, second] = tuple;
|
||||
let [x, y, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
|
||||
|
||||
// Object Destructuring
|
||||
let {name, age} = {name: "John", age: 30};
|
||||
let {a: newName, b = 10} = {a: "value"}; // rename & default
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 03: Functions -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Function Declaration
|
||||
function add(x: number, y: number): number {
|
||||
return x + y;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Arrow Functions
|
||||
const multiply = (x: number, y: number): number => x * y;
|
||||
const greet = (name: string): void => console.log(`Hello ${name}`);
|
||||
|
||||
// Optional & Default Parameters
|
||||
function build(first: string, last?: string, age = 25): string {
|
||||
return `${first} ${last || ""} (${age})`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Rest Parameters
|
||||
function sum(...nums: number[]): number {
|
||||
return nums.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Function Overloads
|
||||
function format(x: string): string;
|
||||
function format(x: number): string;
|
||||
function format(x: string | number): string {
|
||||
return x.toString();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Function Types
|
||||
type MathOp = (x: number, y: number) => number;
|
||||
const divide: MathOp = (x, y) => x / y;
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 04: Objects & Interfaces -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Object Types
|
||||
let person: {name: string, age: number} = {name: "John", age: 30};
|
||||
|
||||
// Interface
|
||||
interface User {
|
||||
readonly id: number;
|
||||
name: string;
|
||||
email?: string; // optional
|
||||
[key: string]: any; // index signature
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Extending Interfaces
|
||||
interface Admin extends User {
|
||||
permissions: string[];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Multiple Inheritance
|
||||
interface Timestamped {
|
||||
createdAt: Date;
|
||||
}
|
||||
interface AdminUser extends User, Timestamped {
|
||||
role: "admin";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Function in Interface
|
||||
interface Calculator {
|
||||
add(x: number, y: number): number;
|
||||
subtract: (x: number, y: number) => number;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 05: Classes -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Basic Class
|
||||
class Animal {
|
||||
public name: string;
|
||||
private age: number;
|
||||
protected species: string;
|
||||
readonly id: number;
|
||||
|
||||
constructor(name: string, age: number) {
|
||||
this.name = name;
|
||||
this.age = age;
|
||||
this.species = "unknown";
|
||||
this.id = Math.random();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
speak(): void {
|
||||
console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Inheritance
|
||||
class Dog extends Animal {
|
||||
breed: string;
|
||||
|
||||
constructor(name: string, age: number, breed: string) {
|
||||
super(name, age);
|
||||
this.breed = breed;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
speak(): void {
|
||||
console.log(`${this.name} barks`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Abstract Class
|
||||
abstract class Shape {
|
||||
abstract area(): number;
|
||||
|
||||
display(): void {
|
||||
console.log(`Area: ${this.area()}`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Static Members
|
||||
class MathUtils {
|
||||
static PI = 3.14159;
|
||||
static circle(radius: number): number {
|
||||
return 2 * MathUtils.PI * radius;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Getters/Setters
|
||||
class Person {
|
||||
private _age: number = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
get age(): number {
|
||||
return this._age;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
set age(value: number) {
|
||||
if (value >= 0) this._age = value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 06: Generics -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Generic Functions
|
||||
function identity<T>(arg: T): T { return arg; }
|
||||
const result = identity<string>("hello");
|
||||
const inferred = identity(42); // T inferred as number
|
||||
|
||||
// Multiple Type Parameters
|
||||
function pair<T, U>(first: T, second: U): [T, U] {
|
||||
return [first, second];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generic Interface
|
||||
interface Container<T> {
|
||||
value: T;
|
||||
getValue(): T;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generic Class
|
||||
class Box<T> {
|
||||
contents: T;
|
||||
constructor(value: T) {
|
||||
this.contents = value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Constraints
|
||||
interface HasLength {
|
||||
length: number;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function logLength<T extends HasLength>(arg: T): void {
|
||||
console.log(arg.length);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Keyof Constraint
|
||||
function getProperty<T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K] {
|
||||
return obj[key];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 07: Union & Literal Types -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Union Types
|
||||
type StringOrNumber = string | number;
|
||||
type Status = "loading" | "success" | "error";
|
||||
|
||||
function process(id: string | number): void {
|
||||
if (typeof id === "string") {
|
||||
console.log(id.toUpperCase());
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
console.log(id.toFixed(2));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Intersection Types
|
||||
type Person = {name: string};
|
||||
type Employee = {company: string};
|
||||
type Staff = Person & Employee; // has both properties
|
||||
|
||||
// Literal Types
|
||||
type Theme = "light" | "dark";
|
||||
type Port = 3000 | 8080 | 9000;
|
||||
type Success = true;
|
||||
|
||||
// Discriminated Unions
|
||||
interface Circle {
|
||||
kind: "circle";
|
||||
radius: number;
|
||||
}
|
||||
interface Square {
|
||||
kind: "square";
|
||||
sideLength: number;
|
||||
}
|
||||
type Shape = Circle | Square;
|
||||
|
||||
function area(shape: Shape): number {
|
||||
switch (shape.kind) {
|
||||
case "circle":
|
||||
return Math.PI * shape.radius ** 2;
|
||||
case "square":
|
||||
return shape.sideLength ** 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 08: Type Guards & Assertions -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Type Guards
|
||||
function isString(value: any): value is string {
|
||||
return typeof value === "string";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function isNumber(value: any): value is number {
|
||||
return typeof value === "number";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Using Type Guards
|
||||
function process(value: string | number) {
|
||||
if (isString(value)) {
|
||||
console.log(value.toUpperCase()); // TypeScript knows it's string
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
console.log(value.toFixed(2)); // TypeScript knows it's number
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// in operator
|
||||
type Fish = { swim: () => void };
|
||||
type Bird = { fly: () => void };
|
||||
|
||||
function move(animal: Fish | Bird) {
|
||||
if ("swim" in animal) {
|
||||
animal.swim(); // Fish
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
animal.fly(); // Bird
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// instanceof
|
||||
function handleError(error: Error | string) {
|
||||
if (error instanceof Error) {
|
||||
console.log(error.message);
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
console.log(error);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Type Assertions
|
||||
let someValue: any = "hello world";
|
||||
let strLength = (someValue as string).length;
|
||||
// or: let strLength = (<string>someValue).length;
|
||||
|
||||
// Non-null Assertion
|
||||
let name: string | null = getName();
|
||||
let nameLength = name!.length; // Assert name is not null
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 09: Utility Types -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
interface Todo {
|
||||
title: string;
|
||||
description: string;
|
||||
completed: boolean;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Partial<T> - All properties optional
|
||||
type PartialTodo = Partial<Todo>;
|
||||
// {title?: string, description?: string, completed?: boolean}
|
||||
|
||||
// Required<T> - All properties required
|
||||
type RequiredTodo = Required<PartialTodo>;
|
||||
|
||||
// Readonly<T> - All properties readonly
|
||||
type ReadonlyTodo = Readonly<Todo>;
|
||||
|
||||
// Pick<T, K> - Select specific properties
|
||||
type TodoPreview = Pick<Todo, "title" | "completed">;
|
||||
|
||||
// Omit<T, K> - Exclude specific properties
|
||||
type TodoInfo = Omit<Todo, "completed">;
|
||||
|
||||
// Record<K, T> - Create object type
|
||||
type TodoStatus = Record<"pending" | "completed", Todo[]>;
|
||||
|
||||
// Exclude<T, U> - Remove types from union
|
||||
type NonString = Exclude<string | number | boolean, string>;
|
||||
// number | boolean
|
||||
|
||||
// Extract<T, U> - Extract types from union
|
||||
type StringOnly = Extract<string | number | boolean, string>;
|
||||
// string
|
||||
|
||||
// NonNullable<T> - Remove null/undefined
|
||||
type NonNullString = NonNullable<string | null | undefined>;
|
||||
// string
|
||||
|
||||
// ReturnType<T> - Get function return type
|
||||
function getName(): string { return "John"; }
|
||||
type NameType = ReturnType<typeof getName>; // string
|
||||
|
||||
// Parameters<T> - Get function parameters as tuple
|
||||
type GetNameParams = Parameters<typeof getName>; // []
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 10: Enums -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Numeric Enum
|
||||
enum Direction {
|
||||
Up, // 0
|
||||
Down, // 1
|
||||
Left, // 2
|
||||
Right // 3
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// String Enum
|
||||
enum Color {
|
||||
Red = "red",
|
||||
Green = "green",
|
||||
Blue = "blue"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Mixed Enum
|
||||
enum Mixed {
|
||||
No = 0,
|
||||
Yes = "yes"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Const Enum (inlined at compile time)
|
||||
const enum StatusCode {
|
||||
OK = 200,
|
||||
NotFound = 404,
|
||||
Error = 500
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Usage
|
||||
let currentDirection = Direction.Up;
|
||||
let favoriteColor = Color.Blue;
|
||||
let status = StatusCode.OK;
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 11: Modules -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Named Exports
|
||||
export const PI = 3.14159;
|
||||
export function calculate(r: number): number {
|
||||
return PI * r * r;
|
||||
}
|
||||
export class Calculator {
|
||||
add(x: number, y: number): number { return x + y; }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Default Export
|
||||
export default class Logger {
|
||||
log(message: string): void {
|
||||
console.log(message);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Re-exports
|
||||
export { Calculator as Calc } from "./calculator";
|
||||
export * from "./utilities";
|
||||
|
||||
// Import
|
||||
import Logger from "./logger"; // default import
|
||||
import { PI, calculate } from "./math"; // named imports
|
||||
import * as MathUtils from "./math"; // namespace import
|
||||
import { Calculator as Calc } from "./calculator"; // alias
|
||||
|
||||
// Dynamic Imports
|
||||
const module = await import("./dynamic-module");
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 12: Advanced Types -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Mapped Types
|
||||
type Nullable<T> = {
|
||||
[P in keyof T]: T[P] | null;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
type OptionalId<T> = {
|
||||
[P in keyof T]: P extends "id" ? T[P] | undefined : T[P];
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Conditional Types
|
||||
type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false;
|
||||
type StringCheck = IsString<"hello">; // true
|
||||
|
||||
// Template Literal Types
|
||||
type EventName<T extends string> = `on${Capitalize<T>}`;
|
||||
type ClickEvent = EventName<"click">; // "onClick"
|
||||
|
||||
// Indexed Access Types
|
||||
type Person = { name: string; age: number; location: string };
|
||||
type PersonName = Person["name"]; // string
|
||||
type PersonKeys = keyof Person; // "name" | "age" | "location"
|
||||
|
||||
// Recursive Types
|
||||
type Json = string | number | boolean | null | Json[] | {[key: string]: Json};
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 13: Decorators -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// Class Decorator
|
||||
function Component(name: string) {
|
||||
return function<T extends {new(...args: any[]): {}}>(constructor: T) {
|
||||
return class extends constructor {
|
||||
componentName = name;
|
||||
};
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Component("MyComponent")
|
||||
class MyClass {}
|
||||
|
||||
// Method Decorator
|
||||
function Log(target: any, propertyName: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
|
||||
const method = descriptor.value;
|
||||
descriptor.value = function(...args: any[]) {
|
||||
console.log(`Calling ${propertyName} with`, args);
|
||||
return method.apply(this, args);
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class Service {
|
||||
@Log
|
||||
getData(): string {
|
||||
return "data";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Property Decorator
|
||||
function MinLength(length: number) {
|
||||
return function(target: any, propertyName: string) {
|
||||
let value: string;
|
||||
|
||||
const getter = () => value;
|
||||
const setter = (newVal: string) => {
|
||||
if (newVal.length < length) {
|
||||
throw new Error(`${propertyName} must be at least ${length} chars`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
value = newVal;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
Object.defineProperty(target, propertyName, {
|
||||
get: getter,
|
||||
set: setter
|
||||
});
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class User {
|
||||
@MinLength(3)
|
||||
username: string;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 14: Configuration -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// tsconfig.json
|
||||
/*
|
||||
{
|
||||
"compilerOptions": {
|
||||
"target": "ES2020",
|
||||
"module": "commonjs",
|
||||
"lib": ["ES2020", "DOM"],
|
||||
"outDir": "./dist",
|
||||
"rootDir": "./src",
|
||||
"strict": true,
|
||||
"esModuleInterop": true,
|
||||
"skipLibCheck": true,
|
||||
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
|
||||
"moduleResolution": "node",
|
||||
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
|
||||
"experimentalDecorators": true,
|
||||
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
|
||||
"sourceMap": true,
|
||||
"declaration": true,
|
||||
"removeComments": true,
|
||||
"noImplicitAny": true,
|
||||
"noImplicitReturns": true,
|
||||
"noUnusedLocals": true,
|
||||
"noUnusedParameters": true
|
||||
},
|
||||
"include": ["src/**/*"],
|
||||
"exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
|
||||
}
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
// Compiler Options Quick Reference
|
||||
// --target: ES5, ES6, ES2017, ES2018, ES2019, ES2020, ESNext
|
||||
// --module: commonjs, amd, es2015, es2020, esnext, system, umd
|
||||
// --lib: ES5, ES6, ES2017, DOM, WebWorker, ScriptHost
|
||||
// --strict: Enable all strict type checking options
|
||||
|
||||
/***************************
|
||||
------------ 15: Common Patterns -----------
|
||||
*******************************/
|
||||
|
||||
// API Response Type
|
||||
interface ApiResponse<T> {
|
||||
data: T;
|
||||
status: number;
|
||||
message: string;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Event Handler Pattern
|
||||
type EventHandler<T = Event> = (event: T) => void;
|
||||
const onClick: EventHandler<MouseEvent> = (e) => console.log(e.clientX);
|
||||
|
||||
// Builder Pattern
|
||||
class QueryBuilder {
|
||||
private query = "";
|
||||
|
||||
select(fields: string): this {
|
||||
this.query += `SELECT ${fields} `;
|
||||
return this;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
from(table: string): this {
|
||||
this.query += `FROM ${table} `;
|
||||
return this;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
build(): string {
|
||||
return this.query.trim();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Factory Pattern
|
||||
interface Shape { area(): number; }
|
||||
class Circle implements Shape {
|
||||
constructor(private radius: number) {}
|
||||
area(): number { return Math.PI * this.radius ** 2; }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class ShapeFactory {
|
||||
static createCircle(radius: number): Shape {
|
||||
return new Circle(radius);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Promise/Async Patterns
|
||||
type AsyncResult<T> = Promise<T | Error>;
|
||||
|
||||
async function fetchUser(id: number): Promise<User | null> {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${id}`);
|
||||
return await response.json();
|
||||
} catch {
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Type-safe Environment Variables
|
||||
interface Env {
|
||||
NODE_ENV: "development" | "production" | "test";
|
||||
PORT: number;
|
||||
DATABASE_URL: string;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
declare global {
|
||||
namespace NodeJS {
|
||||
interface ProcessEnv extends Env {}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* QUICK TIPS
|
||||
* ----------
|
||||
* • Use 'unknown' instead of 'any' when possible
|
||||
* • Prefer 'interface' for object shapes, 'type' for unions/computed types
|
||||
* • Enable strict mode in tsconfig.json
|
||||
* • Use const assertions: const colors = ['red', 'blue'] as const
|
||||
* • Prefer type guards over type assertions
|
||||
* • Use utility types instead of manual type manipulation
|
||||
* • Enable noImplicitAny for better type safety
|
||||
* • Use discriminated unions for complex state management
|
||||
*/
|
||||
+8
-8
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
||||
string newStr = oldStr.Replace("old","new");
|
||||
|
||||
//IndexOf
|
||||
//Finds the first occurrence of a string in a larger string
|
||||
//Finds the first ocurrence of a string in a larger string
|
||||
//Returns -1 if the string is not found
|
||||
String.IndexOf(val, start, num)
|
||||
val - string to search for
|
||||
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
||||
String.Split(Char[]);
|
||||
|
||||
//ToCharArray
|
||||
//Places selected characters in a string in a char array
|
||||
//Places selected characteres in a string in a char array
|
||||
String str = "AaBbCcDd";
|
||||
//create array of 8 vowels
|
||||
var chars = str.ToCharArray();
|
||||
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
||||
|
||||
6.1 TimeSpan Constructor
|
||||
|
||||
TimeSpan(hour, minute, sec)
|
||||
TimpeSpan(hour, minute, sec)
|
||||
|
||||
TimeSpan timeS = new TimeSpan(10, 14, 50);
|
||||
TimeSpan timeS_Hours = TimeSpan.FromDays(3640);
|
||||
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
||||
|
||||
Format item syntax: {index[,alignment][:format string]}
|
||||
index - Specifies element in list of values to which format is applied
|
||||
alignment - Indicates minimum width (in characters) to display value
|
||||
format string - Contains the code which specifies the format of the displayed value
|
||||
aligment - Indicates minimun width (in characters) to display value
|
||||
format string - Contains the code which specififes the format of the displayed value
|
||||
|
||||
7.1 Numeric
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
||||
[access modifier] className (parameters) [:initializer]
|
||||
|
||||
initializer -base calls constructor in base class.
|
||||
this calls constructor within class.
|
||||
this calls constuctor within class.
|
||||
|
||||
public class nameClass : Initializer {
|
||||
public className(dataType param1 , dataType param2, ...) : base(param1, param2)
|
||||
@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
|
||||
abstract – must be implemented by subclass
|
||||
|
||||
Passing parameters:
|
||||
1. By default, parameters are passed by value
|
||||
2. Passing by reference: ref, in and out modifiers
|
||||
1. By default, parametres are passed by value
|
||||
2. Passing by reference: ref, in and out modifers
|
||||
|
||||
To pass a parameter by reference with the intent of changing the value, use the ref, or out keyword. To pass by reference with the intent of avoiding copying but not changing the value, use the in modifier
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+8
-6
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ ssh user@host # connects to host as user
|
||||
ssh -p <port> user@host # connects to host on specified port as user
|
||||
ssh-copy-id user@host # adds your ssh key to host for user to enable a keyed or passwordless login
|
||||
|
||||
<Enter> + ~ + . # Exit an unresponsive SSH shell connection
|
||||
|
||||
whoami # returns your username
|
||||
su <user> # switch to a different user
|
||||
su - # switch to root, likely needs to be sudo su -
|
||||
@@ -524,14 +526,14 @@ Cyan='\033[0;36m' # Cyan
|
||||
White='\033[0;97m' # White
|
||||
|
||||
# Additional colors
|
||||
LGrey='\033[0;37m' # Light Gray
|
||||
LGrey='\033[0;37m' # Ligth Gray
|
||||
DGrey='\033[0;90m' # Dark Gray
|
||||
LRed='\033[0;91m' # Light Red
|
||||
LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Light Green
|
||||
LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Light Yellow
|
||||
LBlue='\033[0;94m' # Light Blue
|
||||
LRed='\033[0;91m' # Ligth Red
|
||||
LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Ligth Green
|
||||
LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Ligth Yellow
|
||||
LBlue='\033[0;94m' # Ligth Blue
|
||||
LPurple='\033[0;95m'# Light Purple
|
||||
LCyan='\033[0;96m' # Light Cyan
|
||||
LCyan='\033[0;96m' # Ligth Cyan
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Bold
|
||||
|
||||
+4
-4
@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ d, t := doubleAndTriple(5)
|
||||
_, t := doubleAndTriple(3)
|
||||
// t = 9
|
||||
|
||||
// Functions can defer commands. Deferred commands are
|
||||
// ran in a stack order after the execution and
|
||||
// Functions can defer commands. Defered commands are
|
||||
// runned in a stack order after the execution and
|
||||
// returning of a function
|
||||
var aux = 0
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ person3.Age // 0
|
||||
|
||||
## Maps
|
||||
|
||||
Maps are data structures that holds values assigned to a key.
|
||||
Maps are data structures that holds values assigneds to a key.
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
// Declaring a map
|
||||
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ newYork // "EUA"
|
||||
// Delete
|
||||
delete(cities, "NY")
|
||||
|
||||
// Check if a key is set
|
||||
// Check if a key is setted
|
||||
value, ok := cities["NY"]
|
||||
ok // false
|
||||
value // ""
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ for(dataType item : array) {
|
||||
//Declare a variable, object name
|
||||
String s;
|
||||
|
||||
//Invoke a constructor to create an object
|
||||
//Invoke a contructor to create an object
|
||||
s = new String ("Hello World");
|
||||
|
||||
//Invoke an instance method that operates on the object's value
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -95,9 +95,3 @@ arr.reduce(callback[, initialValue]) // Apply a function against
|
||||
arr.reduceRight(callback[, initialValue]) // Apply a function against an accumulator and each value of the array (from right-to-left) as to reduce it to a single value.
|
||||
arr.some(callback[, initialValue]) // Returns true if at least one element in this array satisfies the provided testing function.
|
||||
arr.values() // Returns a new Array Iterator object that contains the values for each index in the array.
|
||||
|
||||
// String methods
|
||||
String.charAt(index) // Returns the character at the specified index in a string.
|
||||
String.indexOf(character) // Returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified value in a string.
|
||||
String.substring(starting_index, ending_index) // Returns a new string that is a subset of the original string.
|
||||
String.substring(starting_index) // Returns a substring from starting index to last index of string.
|
||||
+4
-4
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
<?php
|
||||
|
||||
// Exit the file, string inside get's echo'ed
|
||||
die("This file is not meant to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
||||
exit("This file is not meant to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
||||
die("This file is not ment to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
||||
exit("This file is not ment to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Printing
|
||||
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var_dump($arr); // Print anything, with type hints for any value and sizes
|
||||
$string = 'Awesome cheatsheets';
|
||||
|
||||
str_contains($string, 'cheat'); // Find if the string contains the specified string (PHP >= 8.0)
|
||||
str_replace('Awesome', 'Bonjour', $string); // Replace all occurrence
|
||||
str_replace('Awesome', 'Bonjour', $string); // Replace all occurence
|
||||
strcmp($string, 'Awesome cheatsheets'); // Compare two strings
|
||||
strpos($string, 'a', 0); // Get position in the string
|
||||
str_split($string, 2); // Split the string
|
||||
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ u Pattern is treated as UTF-8
|
||||
\w Any "word" character (a-z 0-9 _)
|
||||
\W Any non "word" character
|
||||
\s Whitespace (space, tab CRLF)
|
||||
\S Any non whitespace character
|
||||
\S Any non whitepsace character
|
||||
\d Digits (0-9)
|
||||
\D Any non digit character
|
||||
. (Period) - Any character except newline
|
||||
|
||||
+1
-1
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
|
||||
| import | import libraries/modules/packages | import |
|
||||
| from | import specific function/classes from modules/packages | import |
|
||||
| try | this block will be tried to get executed | exception handling |
|
||||
| except | is any exception/error has occurred it'll be executed | exception handling |
|
||||
| except | is any exception/error has occured it'll be executed | exception handling |
|
||||
| finally | It'll be executed no matter exception occurs or not | exception handling |
|
||||
| raise | throws any specific error/exception | exception handling |
|
||||
| assert | throws an AssertionError if condition is false | exception handling |
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,815 +0,0 @@
|
||||
# TypeScript
|
||||
|
||||
* TypeScript is a statically typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript
|
||||
|
||||
* It adds optional static type definitions to JavaScript, enabling better tooling and error detection
|
||||
|
||||
* In TypeScript, types are checked at compile-time, not runtime
|
||||
|
||||
* A TypeScript file has an extension of .ts (or .tsx for React components)
|
||||
|
||||
* TypeScript follows JavaScript syntax but adds type annotations and advanced features
|
||||
|
||||
* We can compile and run a TypeScript file by the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
`$ tsc filename.ts` (compile to JavaScript)
|
||||
`$ node filename.js` (run the compiled JavaScript)
|
||||
|
||||
Or directly: `$ ts-node filename.ts`
|
||||
|
||||
#### TypeScript requires compilation to JavaScript before execution.
|
||||
|
||||
## Create and execute a program
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install TypeScript globally: `npm install -g typescript`
|
||||
1. Create the program: `touch program.ts`
|
||||
1. Write the TypeScript code and save it
|
||||
1. Compile: `tsc program.ts`
|
||||
1. Run: `node program.js`
|
||||
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Data Types
|
||||
|
||||
| Data Type | Description | Example |
|
||||
| --------- | ----------- | ------- |
|
||||
| number | Integer and floating point values | `42`, `3.14`, `-7` |
|
||||
| string | Text values | `"hello"`, `'world'`, `` `template` `` |
|
||||
| boolean | True/false values | `true`, `false` |
|
||||
| undefined | Undefined value | `undefined` |
|
||||
| null | Null value | `null` |
|
||||
| any | Any type (disables type checking) | Can be anything |
|
||||
| unknown | Type-safe counterpart of any | Requires type checking |
|
||||
| void | Absence of any type | Function return type |
|
||||
| never | Type that never occurs | Functions that throw errors |
|
||||
| object | Non-primitive types | `{}`, `[]`, functions |
|
||||
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
|
||||
## Keywords and Reserved Words
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
|
||||
- TypeScript includes all JavaScript keywords plus additional TypeScript-specific ones
|
||||
|
||||
| Keyword | Description | Category |
|
||||
|---------- | ---------- | --------- |
|
||||
| let | Declares a block-scoped variable | Variable Declaration |
|
||||
| const | Declares a block-scoped constant | Variable Declaration |
|
||||
| var | Declares a function-scoped variable | Variable Declaration |
|
||||
| function | Declares a function | Function |
|
||||
| class | Declares a class | Class |
|
||||
| interface | Declares an interface | Type Definition |
|
||||
| type | Declares a type alias | Type Definition |
|
||||
| enum | Declares an enumeration | Type Definition |
|
||||
| namespace | Declares a namespace | Module System |
|
||||
| module | Declares a module | Module System |
|
||||
| import | Imports from another module | Module System |
|
||||
| export | Exports from current module | Module System |
|
||||
| extends | Class/interface inheritance | Inheritance |
|
||||
| implements | Class implements interface | Inheritance |
|
||||
| public | Public access modifier | Access Modifier |
|
||||
| private | Private access modifier | Access Modifier |
|
||||
| protected | Protected access modifier | Access Modifier |
|
||||
| readonly | Read-only property | Access Modifier |
|
||||
| static | Static class member | Class Member |
|
||||
| abstract | Abstract class/method | Class |
|
||||
| async | Asynchronous function | Async Programming |
|
||||
| await | Awaits a promise | Async Programming |
|
||||
| new | Creates new instance | Object Creation |
|
||||
| this | Current object reference | Object Reference |
|
||||
| super | Parent class reference | Inheritance |
|
||||
| typeof | Gets type of variable | Type Operation |
|
||||
| keyof | Gets keys of type | Type Operation |
|
||||
| in | Property existence check | Type Guard |
|
||||
| instanceof | Instance type check | Type Guard |
|
||||
| as | Type assertion | Type Assertion |
|
||||
| is | Type predicate | Type Guard |
|
||||
| infer | Infers type in conditional types | Advanced Types |
|
||||
| declare | Ambient declarations | Declaration |
|
||||
| get | Property getter | Accessor |
|
||||
| set | Property setter | Accessor |
|
||||
| yield | Generator yield | Generator |
|
||||
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
|
||||
## Operators
|
||||
|
||||
<br>
|
||||
|
||||
| Operator | Description |
|
||||
|-|-|
|
||||
| ( ) | Grouping, function call, type assertion |
|
||||
| [ ] | Array indexing, array/tuple types |
|
||||
| . | Property access |
|
||||
| ?. | Optional chaining |
|
||||
| ! | Non-null assertion, logical not |
|
||||
| ~ | Bitwise not |
|
||||
| \- | Unary minus, arithmetic subtraction |
|
||||
| \+ | Unary plus, arithmetic addition |
|
||||
| \* | Multiplication |
|
||||
| / | Division |
|
||||
| % | Modulo |
|
||||
| \*\* | Exponentiation |
|
||||
| << | Left shift |
|
||||
| \>> | Right shift |
|
||||
| \>>> | Unsigned right shift |
|
||||
| < | Less than |
|
||||
| <= | Less than or equal |
|
||||
| \> | Greater than |
|
||||
| \>= | Greater than or equal |
|
||||
| == | Equality (with coercion) |
|
||||
| === | Strict equality |
|
||||
| != | Inequality (with coercion) |
|
||||
| !== | Strict inequality |
|
||||
| & | Bitwise AND |
|
||||
| ^ | Bitwise XOR |
|
||||
| \| | Bitwise OR, Union types |
|
||||
| && | Logical AND |
|
||||
| \|\| | Logical OR |
|
||||
| ?? | Nullish coalescing |
|
||||
| ? : | Ternary conditional |
|
||||
| = | Assignment |
|
||||
| += | Add and assign |
|
||||
| -= | Subtract and assign |
|
||||
| *= | Multiply and assign |
|
||||
| /= | Divide and assign |
|
||||
| %= | Modulo and assign |
|
||||
| **= | Exponentiate and assign |
|
||||
| <<= | Left shift and assign |
|
||||
| \>>= | Right shift and assign |
|
||||
| &= | Bitwise AND and assign |
|
||||
| ^= | Bitwise XOR and assign |
|
||||
| \|= | Bitwise OR and assign |
|
||||
| , | Comma operator |
|
||||
| => | Arrow function |
|
||||
| ... | Spread/rest operator |
|
||||
|
||||
### Basic Data Structures
|
||||
|
||||
### Array
|
||||
|
||||
- Array is an ordered collection of elements of the same or different types.
|
||||
|
||||
- Arrays are created using square brackets or Array constructor:
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
|
||||
let fruits: Array<string> = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
|
||||
let mixed: (string | number)[] = [1, "two", 3];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Array elements are indexed starting from 0.
|
||||
|
||||
- Arrays are mutable - you can change, add, and remove elements.
|
||||
|
||||
- Common array methods:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let arr = [1, 2, 3];
|
||||
arr.push(4); // Add to end: [1, 2, 3, 4]
|
||||
arr.pop(); // Remove from end: [1, 2, 3]
|
||||
arr.unshift(0); // Add to start: [0, 1, 2, 3]
|
||||
arr.shift(); // Remove from start: [1, 2, 3]
|
||||
arr.length; // Get length: 3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Tuple
|
||||
|
||||
- Tuple is an array with a fixed number of elements of specific types.
|
||||
|
||||
- Tuples are created using square brackets with type annotations:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let person: [string, number] = ["John", 30];
|
||||
let coordinate: [number, number] = [10, 20];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Tuple elements are ordered and have specific types at each position.
|
||||
|
||||
- You can access elements by index, but type checking ensures correctness:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let point: [number, number] = [10, 20];
|
||||
console.log(point[0]); // 10 (number)
|
||||
console.log(point[1]); // 20 (number)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Named tuples provide better readability:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let user: [name: string, age: number] = ["Alice", 25];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Optional and rest elements in tuples:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let optional: [string, number?] = ["hello"];
|
||||
let rest: [string, ...number[]] = ["coords", 1, 2, 3];
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Set
|
||||
|
||||
- Set is a collection of unique values of any type.
|
||||
|
||||
- Sets are created using the Set constructor:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let uniqueNumbers = new Set<number>([1, 2, 3, 2]); // {1, 2, 3}
|
||||
let stringSet = new Set<string>();
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Set operations:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let mySet = new Set<string>();
|
||||
mySet.add("apple"); // Add element
|
||||
mySet.has("apple"); // Check existence: true
|
||||
mySet.delete("apple"); // Remove element
|
||||
mySet.clear(); // Remove all elements
|
||||
mySet.size; // Get size
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Iterating over Set:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let fruits = new Set(["apple", "banana", "cherry"]);
|
||||
for (let fruit of fruits) {
|
||||
console.log(fruit);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Map
|
||||
|
||||
- Map is a collection of key-value pairs where keys can be any type.
|
||||
|
||||
- Maps are created using the Map constructor:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let userMap = new Map<string, number>();
|
||||
let mixedMap = new Map<string | number, any>();
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Map operations:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let map = new Map<string, number>();
|
||||
map.set("age", 30); // Add key-value pair
|
||||
map.get("age"); // Get value: 30
|
||||
map.has("age"); // Check key exists: true
|
||||
map.delete("age"); // Remove key-value pair
|
||||
map.clear(); // Remove all entries
|
||||
map.size; // Get size
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Object vs Map:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// Object - string/symbol keys only
|
||||
let obj: { [key: string]: number } = { "age": 30 };
|
||||
|
||||
// Map - any type keys
|
||||
let map = new Map<any, number>();
|
||||
map.set("age", 30);
|
||||
map.set(42, 100);
|
||||
map.set(true, 1);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Object Types and Interfaces
|
||||
|
||||
- Objects store key-value pairs and are fundamental to TypeScript.
|
||||
|
||||
- Object type annotation:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let person: { name: string; age: number } = {
|
||||
name: "John",
|
||||
age: 30
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Interface definition for better reusability:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
interface User {
|
||||
readonly id: number; // Read-only property
|
||||
name: string;
|
||||
age?: number; // Optional property
|
||||
[key: string]: any; // Index signature
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
let user: User = {
|
||||
id: 1,
|
||||
name: "Alice"
|
||||
};
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Nested objects and complex types:
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
interface Address {
|
||||
street: string;
|
||||
city: string;
|
||||
country: string;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
interface Person {
|
||||
name: string;
|
||||
address: Address;
|
||||
hobbies: string[];
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Conditional branching
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// If-else statements
|
||||
if (condition) {
|
||||
// code block
|
||||
} else if (anotherCondition) {
|
||||
// code block
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// code block
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Ternary operator
|
||||
let result = condition ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse;
|
||||
|
||||
// Switch statement
|
||||
switch (variable) {
|
||||
case value1:
|
||||
// code
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case value2:
|
||||
// code
|
||||
break;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
// code
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Loops
|
||||
|
||||
TypeScript supports all JavaScript loop constructs:
|
||||
|
||||
#### For loop
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// Traditional for loop
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
|
||||
console.log(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// For-of loop (iterates over values)
|
||||
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
|
||||
for (let fruit of fruits) {
|
||||
console.log(fruit);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// For-in loop (iterates over keys/indices)
|
||||
for (let index in fruits) {
|
||||
console.log(index, fruits[index]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### While loop
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
let i = 0;
|
||||
while (i < 5) {
|
||||
console.log(i);
|
||||
i++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Do-while loop
|
||||
let j = 0;
|
||||
do {
|
||||
console.log(j);
|
||||
j++;
|
||||
} while (j < 5);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Loop control
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
|
||||
if (i === 3) continue; // Skip iteration
|
||||
if (i === 7) break; // Exit loop
|
||||
console.log(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Function definition
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// Function declaration
|
||||
function functionName(param1: type, param2: type): returnType {
|
||||
return value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Function expression
|
||||
const functionName = function(param: type): returnType {
|
||||
return value;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Arrow function
|
||||
const functionName = (param: type): returnType => {
|
||||
return value;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// Arrow function (concise)
|
||||
const functionName = (param: type): returnType => value;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Function variations
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// Optional parameters
|
||||
function greet(name: string, age?: number): string {
|
||||
return age ? `Hello ${name}, you are ${age}` : `Hello ${name}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Default parameters
|
||||
function multiply(a: number, b: number = 1): number {
|
||||
return a * b;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Rest parameters
|
||||
function sum(...numbers: number[]): number {
|
||||
return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Function overloads
|
||||
function process(input: string): string;
|
||||
function process(input: number): number;
|
||||
function process(input: string | number): string | number {
|
||||
if (typeof input === 'string') {
|
||||
return input.toUpperCase();
|
||||
}
|
||||
return input * 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generic functions
|
||||
function identity<T>(arg: T): T {
|
||||
return arg;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
let result = identity<string>("hello"); // Type is string
|
||||
let result2 = identity(42); // Type inferred as number
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Function call
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
functionName(argument1, argument2);
|
||||
|
||||
// With optional parameters
|
||||
greet("John"); // "Hello John"
|
||||
greet("John", 25); // "Hello John, you are 25"
|
||||
|
||||
// With rest parameters
|
||||
sum(1, 2, 3, 4); // 10
|
||||
|
||||
// Generic function call
|
||||
identity<string>("hello");
|
||||
identity(42); // Type inferred
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Classes
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
class ClassName {
|
||||
// Properties
|
||||
public publicProperty: type;
|
||||
private privateProperty: type;
|
||||
protected protectedProperty: type;
|
||||
readonly readonlyProperty: type;
|
||||
static staticProperty: type;
|
||||
|
||||
// Constructor
|
||||
constructor(param: type) {
|
||||
this.publicProperty = param;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Methods
|
||||
public method(): returnType {
|
||||
return value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Getters and setters
|
||||
get property(): type {
|
||||
return this.privateProperty;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
set property(value: type) {
|
||||
this.privateProperty = value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Static method
|
||||
static staticMethod(): returnType {
|
||||
return value;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Inheritance
|
||||
class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
|
||||
constructor(param: type) {
|
||||
super(param); // Call parent constructor
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Override method
|
||||
method(): returnType {
|
||||
return super.method(); // Call parent method
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Abstract class
|
||||
abstract class AbstractClass {
|
||||
abstract abstractMethod(): void;
|
||||
|
||||
concreteMethod(): void {
|
||||
console.log("This is implemented");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Key TypeScript Features
|
||||
|
||||
* **Static Typing**: Types are checked at compile-time
|
||||
* **Type Inference**: TypeScript can often infer types automatically
|
||||
* **Optional Typing**: You can gradually add types to existing JavaScript
|
||||
* **Generics**: Create reusable components that work with multiple types
|
||||
* **Interfaces**: Define contracts for objects and classes
|
||||
* **Enums**: Create named constants
|
||||
* **Union Types**: Variables can be one of several types
|
||||
* **Intersection Types**: Combine multiple types
|
||||
* **Type Guards**: Runtime type checking
|
||||
* **Decorators**: Add metadata to classes and methods
|
||||
|
||||
### Compilation
|
||||
|
||||
* TypeScript code must be compiled to JavaScript before execution
|
||||
* The TypeScript compiler (`tsc`) performs type checking and transpilation
|
||||
* Configuration is managed through `tsconfig.json`
|
||||
* TypeScript can target different JavaScript versions (ES5, ES6, etc.)
|
||||
* Source maps can be generated for debugging compiled code
|
||||
|
||||
#### Sample TypeScript Code
|
||||
|
||||
**hello.ts**
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// TypeScript source code
|
||||
interface User {
|
||||
name: string;
|
||||
age: number;
|
||||
isActive?: boolean;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class UserManager {
|
||||
private users: User[] = [];
|
||||
|
||||
addUser(user: User): void {
|
||||
this.users.push(user);
|
||||
console.log(`Added user: ${user.name}`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
getActiveUsers(): User[] {
|
||||
return this.users.filter(user => user.isActive ?? true);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
getUserCount(): number {
|
||||
return this.users.length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Generic function
|
||||
function processData<T>(data: T[], processor: (item: T) => T): T[] {
|
||||
return data.map(processor);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Usage
|
||||
const userManager = new UserManager();
|
||||
|
||||
const newUser: User = {
|
||||
name: "John Doe",
|
||||
age: 30,
|
||||
isActive: true
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
userManager.addUser(newUser);
|
||||
|
||||
// Arrow functions with types
|
||||
const formatUser = (user: User): string =>
|
||||
`${user.name} (${user.age} years old)`;
|
||||
|
||||
// Union types and type guards
|
||||
function displayInfo(value: string | number | boolean): string {
|
||||
if (typeof value === "string") {
|
||||
return `Text: ${value.toUpperCase()}`;
|
||||
} else if (typeof value === "number") {
|
||||
return `Number: ${value.toFixed(2)}`;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
return `Boolean: ${value ? "Yes" : "No"}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
console.log(displayInfo("hello"));
|
||||
console.log(displayInfo(42.567));
|
||||
console.log(displayInfo(true));
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Compilation Commands
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Compile single file
|
||||
tsc hello.ts
|
||||
|
||||
# Compile with specific target
|
||||
tsc hello.ts --target ES2020
|
||||
|
||||
# Compile with source maps
|
||||
tsc hello.ts --sourceMap
|
||||
|
||||
# Watch mode (recompile on changes)
|
||||
tsc hello.ts --watch
|
||||
|
||||
# Compile all files in project
|
||||
tsc
|
||||
|
||||
# Check for errors without generating files
|
||||
tsc --noEmit
|
||||
|
||||
# Compile with strict mode
|
||||
tsc hello.ts --strict
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Compiled JavaScript Output
|
||||
|
||||
**hello.js** (compiled from above TypeScript)
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
"use strict";
|
||||
// JavaScript output (target ES2017)
|
||||
class UserManager {
|
||||
constructor() {
|
||||
this.users = [];
|
||||
}
|
||||
addUser(user) {
|
||||
this.users.push(user);
|
||||
console.log(`Added user: ${user.name}`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
getActiveUsers() {
|
||||
return this.users.filter(user => user.isActive ?? true);
|
||||
}
|
||||
getUserCount() {
|
||||
return this.users.length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Generic function (types removed)
|
||||
function processData(data, processor) {
|
||||
return data.map(processor);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Usage
|
||||
const userManager = new UserManager();
|
||||
const newUser = {
|
||||
name: "John Doe",
|
||||
age: 30,
|
||||
isActive: true
|
||||
};
|
||||
userManager.addUser(newUser);
|
||||
// Arrow functions
|
||||
const formatUser = (user) => `${user.name} (${user.age} years old)`;
|
||||
// Type guards remain as runtime checks
|
||||
function displayInfo(value) {
|
||||
if (typeof value === "string") {
|
||||
return `Text: ${value.toUpperCase()}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (typeof value === "number") {
|
||||
return `Number: ${value.toFixed(2)}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
return `Boolean: ${value ? "Yes" : "No"}`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.log(displayInfo("hello"));
|
||||
console.log(displayInfo(42.567));
|
||||
console.log(displayInfo(true));
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### tsconfig.json Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"compilerOptions": {
|
||||
// Basic Options
|
||||
"target": "ES2020", // Target JavaScript version
|
||||
"module": "commonjs", // Module system
|
||||
"lib": ["ES2020", "DOM"], // Include library files
|
||||
"outDir": "./dist", // Output directory
|
||||
"rootDir": "./src", // Input directory
|
||||
"strict": true, // Enable strict type checking
|
||||
|
||||
// Additional Checks
|
||||
"noUnusedLocals": true, // Error on unused variables
|
||||
"noUnusedParameters": true, // Error on unused parameters
|
||||
"noImplicitReturns": true, // Error on missing return statements
|
||||
"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, // Error on fallthrough cases
|
||||
|
||||
// Module Resolution
|
||||
"moduleResolution": "node", // Module resolution strategy
|
||||
"baseUrl": "./", // Base directory
|
||||
"paths": { // Path mapping
|
||||
"@/*": ["src/*"],
|
||||
"@utils/*": ["src/utils/*"]
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
// Source Maps & Debugging
|
||||
"sourceMap": true, // Generate source maps
|
||||
"inlineSourceMap": false, // Don't inline source maps
|
||||
"declaration": true, // Generate .d.ts files
|
||||
"declarationMap": true, // Generate .d.ts.map files
|
||||
|
||||
// Experimental
|
||||
"experimentalDecorators": true, // Enable decorators
|
||||
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true, // Emit decorator metadata
|
||||
|
||||
// JavaScript Support
|
||||
"allowJs": true, // Allow JavaScript files
|
||||
"checkJs": false, // Type check JavaScript files
|
||||
|
||||
// Other Options
|
||||
"esModuleInterop": true, // CommonJS/ES6 interop
|
||||
"skipLibCheck": true, // Skip lib.d.ts type checking
|
||||
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, // Consistent file names
|
||||
"removeComments": true, // Remove comments from output
|
||||
"noEmitOnError": true // Don't emit if there are errors
|
||||
},
|
||||
"include": [
|
||||
"src/**/*", // Include all files in src
|
||||
"tests/**/*" // Include test files
|
||||
],
|
||||
"exclude": [
|
||||
"node_modules", // Exclude node_modules
|
||||
"dist", // Exclude output directory
|
||||
"**/*.test.ts", // Exclude test files from compilation
|
||||
"**/*.spec.ts"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"files": [
|
||||
// Explicitly include specific files (optional)
|
||||
"src/main.ts"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Package.json Scripts
|
||||
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name": "typescript-project",
|
||||
"version": "1.0.0",
|
||||
"scripts": {
|
||||
"build": "tsc",
|
||||
"start": "node dist/main.js",
|
||||
"dev": "ts-node src/main.ts",
|
||||
"watch": "tsc --watch",
|
||||
"clean": "rm -rf dist",
|
||||
"type-check": "tsc --noEmit"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"devDependencies": {
|
||||
"typescript": "^4.9.0",
|
||||
"ts-node": "^10.9.0",
|
||||
"@types/node": "^18.0.0"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Compilation Examples with Different Targets
|
||||
|
||||
**Original TypeScript:**
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
const greet = (name: string = "World"): string => `Hello, ${name}!`;
|
||||
const user = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
|
||||
const { name, age } = user;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Compiled to ES5:**
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
var greet = function (name) {
|
||||
if (name === void 0) { name = "World"; }
|
||||
return "Hello, " + name + "!";
|
||||
};
|
||||
var user = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
|
||||
var name = user.name, age = user.age;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Compiled to ES2020:**
|
||||
```javascript
|
||||
const greet = (name = "World") => `Hello, ${name}!`;
|
||||
const user = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
|
||||
const { name, age } = user;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Error Examples
|
||||
|
||||
**TypeScript with errors:**
|
||||
```typescript
|
||||
// Type errors that prevent compilation
|
||||
let message: string = 42; // Error: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'
|
||||
let numbers: number[] = ["a", "b"]; // Error: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'
|
||||
|
||||
function add(a: number, b: number): number {
|
||||
return a + b;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
add("hello", "world"); // Error: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Compiler output:**
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ tsc error-example.ts
|
||||
error-example.ts(2,5): error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
|
||||
error-example.ts(3,5): error TS2322: Type 'string[]' is not assignable to type 'number[]'.
|
||||
error-example.ts(8,5): error TS2345: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
|
||||
```
|
||||
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ cat /proc/<process_id>/maps # Show the current virtual memory usage of a Linux
|
||||
ip r # Display ip of the server
|
||||
|
||||
lsof -i :9000 # List process running on port 9000
|
||||
kill -9 $(lsof -t -i:PORT) # Kill the process running on whichever port specified
|
||||
|
||||
journalctl -u minio.service -n 100 --no-pager # List last 100 logs for specific service
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
+20
-75
@@ -20,15 +20,13 @@ e jump to end of words (punctuation considered words)
|
||||
E jump to end of words (no punctuation)
|
||||
b jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)
|
||||
B jump backward by words (no punctuation)
|
||||
ge jump backward to end of a word
|
||||
gE jump backwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
|
||||
ge jump backward to end of words
|
||||
0 (zero) start of line
|
||||
^ first non-blank character of line
|
||||
$ jump to the end of the line
|
||||
g_ jump to the last non-blank character of the line
|
||||
- move line upwards, on the first non-blank character
|
||||
+ move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
|
||||
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
|
||||
$ end of line
|
||||
- move line upwards, on the first non blank character
|
||||
+ move line downwards, on the first non blank character
|
||||
<enter> move line downwards, on the first non blank character
|
||||
gg go to first line
|
||||
G go to last line
|
||||
ngg go to line n
|
||||
@@ -40,6 +38,10 @@ nG go To line n
|
||||
} move the cursor a paragraph forwards
|
||||
]] move the cursor a section forwards or to the next {
|
||||
[[ move the cursor a section backwards or the previous {
|
||||
CTRL-f move the cursor forward by a screen of text
|
||||
CTRL-b move the cursor backward by a screen of text
|
||||
CTRL-u move the cursor up by half a screen
|
||||
CTRL-d move the cursor down by half a screen
|
||||
H move the cursor to the top of the screen.
|
||||
M move the cursor to the middle of the screen.
|
||||
L move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.
|
||||
@@ -47,16 +49,6 @@ fx search line forward for 'x'
|
||||
Fx search line backward for 'x'
|
||||
tx search line forward before 'x'
|
||||
Tx search line backward before 'x'
|
||||
CTRL-y moves screen up one line
|
||||
CTRL-e moves screen down one line
|
||||
CTRL-u moves cursor & screen up ½ page
|
||||
CTRL-d moves cursor & screen down ½ page
|
||||
CTRL-b moves screen up one page, cursor to last line
|
||||
CTRL-f moves screen down one page, cursor to first line
|
||||
zz shift current line to middle of screen
|
||||
z. same as zz but also jumps to the first non-black character
|
||||
zt shift current line to top of screen
|
||||
zb shift current line to bottom of screen
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
@@ -68,15 +60,8 @@ zb shift current line to bottom of screen
|
||||
ma make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
|
||||
`a go to position of bookmark a
|
||||
'a go to the line with bookmark a
|
||||
`0 go to the position where Vim was previously exited
|
||||
`" go to the position when last editing this file
|
||||
`. go to the line that you last edited
|
||||
`` go to the position before the last jump
|
||||
g, go to newer position in change list
|
||||
g; go to older position in change list
|
||||
|
||||
# Tip: To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (`) or an apostrophe (').
|
||||
# Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
# INSERT MODE
|
||||
@@ -85,13 +70,10 @@ g; go to older position in change list
|
||||
|
||||
i start insert mode at cursor
|
||||
I insert at the beginning of the line
|
||||
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
|
||||
gI like "I", but always start in column 1
|
||||
a append after the cursor
|
||||
A append at the end of the line
|
||||
o open (append) blank line below current line
|
||||
O open blank line above current line
|
||||
CTRL-o Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command(while in insert mode)
|
||||
Esc exit insert mode
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -102,25 +84,10 @@ Esc exit insert mode
|
||||
|
||||
r replace a single character (does not use insert mode)
|
||||
R enter Insert mode, replacing characters rather than inserting
|
||||
J join line below to the current one with one space in between
|
||||
gJ join line below to the current one without space in between
|
||||
J join line below to the current one
|
||||
cc change (replace) an entire line
|
||||
cw change (replace) to the end of word (same as ce)
|
||||
2cw change (replace) repeat cw twice
|
||||
ciw change (replace) word under the cursor
|
||||
caw change (replace) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
|
||||
ci" change (replace) word inside ""
|
||||
cit change (replace) html tag content
|
||||
cat change (replace) html tag
|
||||
cis change (replace) sentence under the cursor
|
||||
cas change (replace) sentence under the cursor and the space after or before it
|
||||
cib change (replace) inside a block with ()
|
||||
cab change (replace) a block with ()
|
||||
ciB change (replace) inside a block with {}
|
||||
caB change (replace) a block with {}
|
||||
C change (replace) to the end of line(same as c$)
|
||||
cG change (replace) to the end of the file
|
||||
cgg change (replace) from first line to current line
|
||||
cw change (replace) to the end of word
|
||||
C change (replace) to the end of line
|
||||
ct' change (replace) until the ' character (can change ' for any character)
|
||||
s delete character at cursor and substitute text
|
||||
S delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)
|
||||
@@ -135,7 +102,6 @@ guiw make current word lowercase
|
||||
gU$ make uppercase until end of line
|
||||
gu$ make lowercase until end of line
|
||||
>> indent line one column to right
|
||||
>i{ indent everything in the {}
|
||||
<< indent line one column to left
|
||||
== auto-indent current line
|
||||
ddp swap current line with next
|
||||
@@ -144,7 +110,6 @@ ddkP swap current line with previous
|
||||
:r [name] insert the file [name] below the cursor.
|
||||
:r !{cmd} execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below the cursor.
|
||||
|
||||
# Tip: Instead of b or B one can also use ( or { respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
# DELETING TEXT
|
||||
@@ -153,15 +118,10 @@ ddkP swap current line with previous
|
||||
|
||||
x delete current character
|
||||
X delete previous character
|
||||
dw delete (cut) to the end of word (same as de)
|
||||
diw delete (cut) word under the cursor
|
||||
daw delete (cut) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
|
||||
dap delete (cut) a paragraph
|
||||
dw delete the current word
|
||||
dd delete (cut) a line
|
||||
dt' delete (cut) until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
|
||||
dG delete (cut) to the end of the file
|
||||
dgg delete (cut) from first line to current line
|
||||
D delete (cut) from cursor to end of line (same as d$)
|
||||
dt' delete until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
|
||||
D delete from cursor to end of line
|
||||
:[range]d delete [range] lines
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -176,10 +136,6 @@ yy yank (copy) a line
|
||||
y$ yank to end of line
|
||||
p put (paste) the clipboard after cursor/current line
|
||||
P put (paste) before cursor/current line
|
||||
gp put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
|
||||
gP put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
|
||||
"+y yank into the system clipboard register
|
||||
"+p paste from the system clipboard register
|
||||
:set paste avoid unexpected effects in pasting
|
||||
:registers display the contents of all registers
|
||||
"xyw yank word into register x
|
||||
@@ -191,12 +147,6 @@ gP put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new tex
|
||||
"xgP just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new text
|
||||
:[line]put x put the text from register x after [line]
|
||||
|
||||
# Tip: if you are using vim extension on vs code, you can enable
|
||||
"vim.useSystemClipboard": true
|
||||
in setting.json, this will allow to Use system clipboard for unnamed register.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
# MACROS
|
||||
@@ -207,7 +157,6 @@ qa start recording macro 'a'
|
||||
q end recording macro
|
||||
@a replay macro 'a'
|
||||
@: replay last command
|
||||
@@ repeat macro
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
@@ -223,11 +172,9 @@ CTRL-v start visual block mode
|
||||
O move to other corner of block
|
||||
aw mark a word
|
||||
ab a () block (with braces)
|
||||
aB a {} block (with brackets)
|
||||
at a block with <> tags
|
||||
ab a {} block (with brackets)
|
||||
ib inner () block
|
||||
iB inner {} block
|
||||
it inner <> block
|
||||
ib inner {} block
|
||||
Esc exit visual mode
|
||||
|
||||
VISUAL MODE COMMANDS
|
||||
@@ -247,7 +194,6 @@ v% selects matching parenthesis
|
||||
vi{ selects matching curly brace
|
||||
vi" selects text between double quotes
|
||||
vi' selects text between single quotes
|
||||
gv reselect the last selected area
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
# SPELLING
|
||||
@@ -337,6 +283,7 @@ CTRL-w < increase window width
|
||||
CTRL-w > decrease window width
|
||||
CTRL-w = equal window
|
||||
CTRL-w o close other windows
|
||||
zz Centers the window to the current line
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
@@ -359,14 +306,12 @@ clast display the last error
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
% show matching brace, bracket, or parenthese
|
||||
gf edit the file whose name is under the cursor
|
||||
gF edit the file whose name is under the cursor and jump to the line number
|
||||
gf edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor
|
||||
gd when the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration
|
||||
'' return to the line where the cursor was before the latest jump
|
||||
gi return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
|
||||
CTRL-o move to previous position you were at
|
||||
CTRL-i move to more recent position you were at
|
||||
:set nu display numbers (short for :set number)
|
||||
:set nonu hide numbers (short for :set nonumber)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##############################################################################
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user