Merge 26ae159967 into 10872e02d1

Merge pull request #1 from pranshuchittora/pranshuchittora-1
Specified module importing path clearly
2026-05-02 20:49:59 -07:00 · 2024-06-20 02:29:26 +00:00 · 2018-07-29 10:22:58 +05:30 · 2018-07-29 10:22:08 +05:30
17 changed files with 191 additions and 1884 deletions
@@ -1,29 +1,17 @@
 <div align="center">
 [![AWESOME CHEATSHEETS LOGO](_design/cover_github@2x.png)](https://lecoupa.github.io/awesome-cheatsheets/)
 <a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/5584" target="_blank">
  <img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/5584" alt="LeCoupa%2Fawesome-cheatsheets | Trendshift" width="250" height="55"/>
 </a>
 [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge.svg)](https://awesome.re) [![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/blob/master/LICENSE)
-**WEBSITE DIRECTORY**: [Available here](https://lecoupa.github.io/awesome-cheatsheets/)
+**WEBSITE DIRECTORY**: [Available here](https://lecoupa.github.io/awesome-cheatsheets/).
 > 📚 Awesome cheatsheets for popular programming languages, frameworks and development tools. They include everything you should know in one single file.
 </div>
 ---
 ## 🤔 Why Awesome-Cheatsheets?
 I usually make a cheat sheet when I want to improve my skills in a programming language, a framework or a development tool. [I started doing these kinds of things a long time ago on Gist](https://gist.github.com/LeCoupa). To better keep track of the history and to let people contribute, I re-organized all of them into this single repository. Most of the content is coming from official documentation and some books I have read.
 Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to provide a quick way to assess your knowledge and to save you time.
 ---
 ## 📚 Table of Contents
 ### 📃 Languages
@@ -32,48 +20,46 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
 <summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
 #### Command line interface
 - [Bash](languages/bash.sh)
 #### Imperative
 - [C](languages/C.txt)
 - [C#](languages/C%23.txt)
 - [Go](languages/golang.md)
 - [Java](languages/java.md)
 - [PHP](languages/php.php)
 - [Python](languages/python.md)
 - [XML](languages/XML.md)
 #### Functional
 - [JavaScript](languages/javascript.js)
 - [Typescript](languages/typescript.md)
 </details>
 ---
 ### 📦 Backend
 <details>
 <summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
 #### PHP
 - [Laravel](backend/laravel.php)
 #### Python
 - [Django](backend/django.py)
-#### JavaScript
+#### Javascript
 - [Adonis.js](backend/adonis.js)
 - [Express.js](backend/express.js)
 - [Feathers.js](backend/feathers.js)
 - [Moleculer](backend/moleculer.js)
 - [Node.js](backend/node.js)
 - [Sails.js](backend/sails.js)
-
+  </details>
 </details>
 ---
 ### 🌐 Frontend
@@ -81,20 +67,19 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
 <summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
 #### Basics
 - [HTML5](frontend/html5.html)
 - [CSS3](frontend/css3.css)
 - [Typescript](frontend/typescript.ts)
 #### Frameworks
 - [React.js](frontend/react.js)
 - [Vue.js](frontend/vue.js)
 - [Tailwind.css](frontend/tailwind.css)
 - [Ember.js](frontend/ember.js)
 - [Angular (2+)](frontend/angular.js)
 - [AngularJS](frontend/angularjs.js)
-</details>
+  </details>
 ---
 ### 🗃️ Databases
@@ -102,15 +87,13 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
 <summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
 #### SQL
 - [MySQL](databases/mysql.sh)
 #### NoSQL
- [MongoDB](databases/mongodb.sh)
+
 - [Redis](databases/redis.sh)
-
+  </details>
 </details>
 ---
 ### 🔧 Tools
@@ -118,6 +101,7 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
 <summary>View cheatsheets</summary>
 #### Development
 - [cURL](tools/curl.sh)
 - [Drush](tools/drush.sh)
 - [Elasticsearch](tools/elasticsearch.js)
@@ -130,35 +114,25 @@ Feel free to take a look. You might learn new things. They have been designed to
 - [Xcode](tools/xcode.txt)
 #### Infrastructure
 - [AWS CLI](tools/aws.sh)
 - [Docker](tools/docker.sh)
 - [GCP CLI](tools/gcp.md)
 - [Heroku CLI](tools/heroku.sh)
 - [Kubernetes](tools/kubernetes.md)
 - [macOS](tools/macos.sh)
 - [Nanobox Boxfile](tools/nanobox_boxfile.yml)
 - [Nanobox CLI](tools/nanobox_cli.sh)
 - [Nginx](tools/nginx.sh)
 - [PM2](tools/pm2.sh)
 - [Ubuntu](tools/ubuntu.sh)
 - [Firebase CLI](tools/firebase_cli.md)
-
+  </details>
 </details>
 ---
 ## 🙌🏼 How to Contribute?
 You are more than welcome to contribute and build your own cheat sheet for your favorite programming language, framework or development tool. Just submit changes via pull request and I will review them before merging.
 ---
 ## 👩‍💻👨‍💻 Our valuable Contributors
-<div align="center">
+<p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/graphs/contributors">
 <a href="https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/graphs/contributors">
  <img src="https://contributors-img.web.app/image?repo=LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets" />
-</a>
+</a></p>
 </div>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ ref();    // If you had previously unref()d a timer you can call ref() to explic
 * http://nodejs.org/api/modules.html
 * ******************************************************************************************* */
-
+// require() accepts a relative path of the given module w.r.t. the file you are importing it in. 
 var module = require('./module.js');    // Loads the module module.js in the same directory.
 module.require('./another_module.js');  // load another_module as if require() was called from the module itself.
@@ -16,99 +16,3 @@ GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON prospectwith.* TO 'power'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
 CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; # Create user
 mysql -u root -pmypassword -e "MY SQL QUERY" &>> query.log & disown # Run SQL query in the background
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Database and Table Operations
 # *****************************************************************************
 CREATE DATABASE database_name; # Create a new database
 DROP DATABASE database_name; # Delete a database
 CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype, ...); # Create a new table
 DROP TABLE table_name; # Delete a table
 SHOW TABLES; # Display all tables in the current database
 DESCRIBE table_name; # Show the structure of a table
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Data Manipulation
 # *****************************************************************************
 INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...); # Insert data into a table
 UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition; # Update existing data in a table
 DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Delete data from a table
 SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table_name WHERE condition; # Select data from a table
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Backup and Restore
 # *****************************************************************************
 mysqldump -u username -p database_name table1 table2 > file.sql # Backup specific tables
 mysql -u username -p database_name < file.sql # Restore specific tables
 # *****************************************************************************
 # User Management and Security
 # *****************************************************************************
 REVOKE privilege_type ON database_name.table_name FROM 'username'@'hostname'; # Revoke privileges from a user
 DROP USER 'username'@'hostname'; # Delete a user
 ALTER USER 'username'@'hostname' IDENTIFIED BY 'newpassword'; # Reset a user's password
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Performance and Maintenance
 # *****************************************************************************
 OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name; # Optimize a table
 ANALYZE TABLE table_name; # Analyze a table for key distribution and storage optimization
 CHECK TABLE table_name; # Check a table for errors
 REPAIR TABLE table_name; # Repair a corrupted table
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Advanced Queries
 # *****************************************************************************
 SELECT ... FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column; # Perform a join operation between two tables
 SELECT ... FROM (SELECT ... FROM table_name) AS subquery; # Use a subquery within another query
 SELECT column, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; # Group results and use aggregate functions
 # *****************************************************************************
 # System Information
 # *****************************************************************************
 SELECT VERSION(); # Show the current version of MySQL
 SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user; # List all current MySQL users
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Miscellaneous
 # *****************************************************************************
 SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON'; # Enable query logging
 SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST; # Show the last queries executed in MySQL
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Altering Table Structure
 # *****************************************************************************
 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_name datatype;        # Add a new column to an existing table
 ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype;     # Change the data type of a column
 ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME COLUMN old_name TO new_name;     # Rename a column (MySQL 8.0+)
 ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;                # Remove a column from a table
 ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;           # Rename an entire table
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Indexes (Performance Tuning)
 # *****************************************************************************
 CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column_name);             # Create a standard index to speed up queries
 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_name ON table_name (column_name);      # Create a unique index (no duplicate values)
 SHOW INDEX FROM table_name;                                    # List all indexes on a specific table
 DROP INDEX idx_name ON table_name;                             # Remove an index from a table
 EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE condition;              # Analyze how MySQL executes a query (Check index usage)
 # *****************************************************************************
 # Transactions (Data Integrity)
 # *****************************************************************************
 START TRANSACTION;                                             # Begin a new transaction
 COMMIT;                                                        # Save all changes made during the transaction
 ROLLBACK;                                                      # Undo all changes if an error occurs before commit
 SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0;                                            # Disable automatic commits for the current session
 SET AUTOCOMMIT = 1;                                            # Re-enable automatic commits after finishing manual transactions
@@ -43,14 +43,11 @@
 .hidden              /* display: none; */
 .block               /* display: block; */
 .flow-root           /* display: flow-root; */
 .inline-block        /* display: inline-block; */
 .inline              /* display: inline; */
 .flex                /* display: flex; */
 .inline-flex         /* display: inline-flex; */
 .grid                /* display: grid; */
 .inline-grid         /* display: inline-grid; */
 .contents            /* display: contents; */
 .table               /* display: table; */
 .table-caption       /* display: table-caption; */
 .table-cell          /* display: table-cell; */
@@ -71,6 +68,7 @@
 .float-right  /* float: right; */
 .float-left   /* float: left; */
 .float-none   /* float: none; */
 .clearfix     /* &::after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } */
 /*
 * Clear
@@ -132,6 +130,8 @@
 .overflow-y-visible  /* overflow-y: visible; */
 .overflow-x-scroll   /* overflow-x: scroll; */
 .overflow-y-scroll   /* overflow-y: scroll; */
 .scrolling-touch     /* -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; */
 .scrolling-auto      /* -webkit-overflow-scrolling: auto; */
 /*
 * Position
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
 * By default, only responsive variants are generated for flex-wrap utilities.
 */
-.flex-nowrap        /* flex-wrap: nowrap; */
+.flex-no-wrap       /* flex-wrap: nowrap; */
 .flex-wrap          /* flex-wrap: wrap; */
 .flex-wrap-reverse  /* flex-wrap: wrap-reverse; */
@@ -478,44 +478,44 @@
 .gap-56      /* gap: 14rem; */
 .gap-64      /* gap: 16rem; */
 .gap-px      /* gap: 1px; */
-.gap-y-0   /* row-gap: 0; */
+.row-gap-0   /* row-gap: 0; */
-.gap-y-1   /* row-gap: 0.25rem; */
+.row-gap-1   /* row-gap: 0.25rem; */
-.gap-y-2   /* row-gap: 0.5rem; */
+.row-gap-2   /* row-gap: 0.5rem; */
-.gap-y-3   /* row-gap: 0.75rem; */
+.row-gap-3   /* row-gap: 0.75rem; */
-.gap-y-4   /* row-gap: 1rem; */
+.row-gap-4   /* row-gap: 1rem; */
-.gap-y-5   /* row-gap: 1.25rem; */
+.row-gap-5   /* row-gap: 1.25rem; */
-.gap-y-6   /* row-gap: 1.5rem; */
+.row-gap-6   /* row-gap: 1.5rem; */
-.gap-y-8   /* row-gap: 2rem; */
+.row-gap-8   /* row-gap: 2rem; */
-.gap-y-10  /* row-gap: 2.5rem; */
+.row-gap-10  /* row-gap: 2.5rem; */
-.gap-y-12  /* row-gap: 3rem; */
+.row-gap-12  /* row-gap: 3rem; */
-.gap-y-16  /* row-gap: 4rem; */
+.row-gap-16  /* row-gap: 4rem; */
-.gap-y-20  /* row-gap: 5rem; */
+.row-gap-20  /* row-gap: 5rem; */
-.gap-y-24  /* row-gap: 6rem; */
+.row-gap-24  /* row-gap: 6rem; */
-.gap-y-32  /* row-gap: 8rem; */
+.row-gap-32  /* row-gap: 8rem; */
-.gap-y-40  /* row-gap: 10rem; */
+.row-gap-40  /* row-gap: 10rem; */
-.gap-y-48  /* row-gap: 12rem; */
+.row-gap-48  /* row-gap: 12rem; */
-.gap-y-56  /* row-gap: 14rem; */
+.row-gap-56  /* row-gap: 14rem; */
-.gap-y-64  /* row-gap: 16rem; */
+.row-gap-64  /* row-gap: 16rem; */
-.gap-y-px  /* row-gap: 1px; */
+.row-gap-px  /* row-gap: 1px; */
-.gap-x-0   /* column-gap: 0; */
+.col-gap-0   /* column-gap: 0; */
-.gap-x-1   /* column-gap: 0.25rem; */
+.col-gap-1   /* column-gap: 0.25rem; */
-.gap-x-2   /* column-gap: 0.5rem; */
+.col-gap-2   /* column-gap: 0.5rem; */
-.gap-x-3   /* column-gap: 0.75rem; */
+.col-gap-3   /* column-gap: 0.75rem; */
-.gap-x-4   /* column-gap: 1rem; */
+.col-gap-4   /* column-gap: 1rem; */
-.gap-x-5   /* column-gap: 1.25rem; */
+.col-gap-5   /* column-gap: 1.25rem; */
-.gap-x-6   /* column-gap: 1.5rem; */
+.col-gap-6   /* column-gap: 1.5rem; */
-.gap-x-8   /* column-gap: 2rem; */
+.col-gap-8   /* column-gap: 2rem; */
-.gap-x-10  /* column-gap: 2.5rem; */
+.col-gap-10  /* column-gap: 2.5rem; */
-.gap-x-12  /* column-gap: 3rem; */
+.col-gap-12  /* column-gap: 3rem; */
-.gap-x-16  /* column-gap: 4rem; */
+.col-gap-16  /* column-gap: 4rem; */
-.gap-x-20  /* column-gap: 5rem; */
+.col-gap-20  /* column-gap: 5rem; */
-.gap-x-24  /* column-gap: 6rem; */
+.col-gap-24  /* column-gap: 6rem; */
-.gap-x-32  /* column-gap: 8rem; */
+.col-gap-32  /* column-gap: 8rem; */
-.gap-x-40  /* column-gap: 10rem; */
+.col-gap-40  /* column-gap: 10rem; */
-.gap-x-48  /* column-gap: 12rem; */
+.col-gap-48  /* column-gap: 12rem; */
-.gap-x-56  /* column-gap: 14rem; */
+.col-gap-56  /* column-gap: 14rem; */
-.gap-x-64  /* column-gap: 16rem; */
+.col-gap-64  /* column-gap: 16rem; */
-.gap-x-px  /* column-gap: 1px; */
+.col-gap-px  /* column-gap: 1px; */
 /*
 * Grid Auto Flow
@@ -1153,8 +1153,8 @@
 * By default, only responsive, hover and focus variants are generated for font weight utilities.
 */
-.font-thin        /* font-weight: 100; */
+.font-hairline   /* font-weight: 100; */
-.font-extralight  /* font-weight: 200; */
+.font-thin       /* font-weight: 200; */
 .font-light      /* font-weight: 300; */
 .font-normal     /* font-weight: 400; */
 .font-medium     /* font-weight: 500; */
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@
 */
 .whitespace-normal    /* white-space: normal; */
-.whitespace-nowrap    /* white-space: nowrap; */
+.whitespace-no-wrap   /* white-space: nowrap; */
 .whitespace-pre       /* white-space: pre; */
 .whitespace-pre-line  /* white-space: pre-line; */
 .whitespace-pre-wrap  /* white-space: pre-wrap; */
@@ -1902,6 +1902,7 @@
 * By default, only responsive, hover and focus variants are generated for box shadow utilities.
 */
 .shadow-xs       /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); */
 .shadow-sm       /* box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); */
 .shadow          /* box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */
 .shadow-md       /* box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */
@@ -1909,34 +1910,9 @@
 .shadow-xl       /* box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); */
 .shadow-2xl      /* box-shadow: 0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); */
 .shadow-inner    /* box-shadow: inset 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06); */
 .shadow-outline  /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(66, 153, 225, 0.5); */
 .shadow-none     /* box-shadow: none; */
 /*
 * RING
 * --------------------
 * Utilities for creating outline rings with box-shadows.
 * Replaced the old .shadow-outline utility.
 */
 .ring-0    /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 0px; */
 .ring-1    /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px; */
 .ring-2    /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px; */
 .ring-4    /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px; */
 .ring-8    /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 8px; */
 .ring      /* box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px; */
 .ring-inset  /* --ring-inset: inset; */
 .ring-transparent  /* --ring-color: transparent; */
 .ring-black        /* --ring-color: #000; */
 .ring-white        /* --ring-color: #fff; */
 .ring-current      /* --ring-color: currentColor; */
 .ring-offset-0  /* --ring-offset-width: 0px; */
 .ring-offset-1  /* --ring-offset-width: 1px; */
 .ring-offset-2  /* --ring-offset-width: 2px; */
 .ring-offset-4  /* --ring-offset-width: 4px; */
 .ring-offset-8  /* --ring-offset-width: 8px; */
 /*
 * OPACITY
 * --------------------
@@ -1,670 +0,0 @@
 /****************************
 * TYPESCRIPT CHEATSHEET - Quick Reference
 * Learn more: https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/
 * Playground: https://www.typescriptlang.org/play
 * Handbook: https://www.typescriptlang.org/handbook/
 *
 *  Table of contents
 *  -------------------
 *  01 | Basic Types
 *  02 | Variables & Arrays
 *  03 | Functions
 *  04 | Objects & Interfaces
 *  05 | Classes
 *  06 | Generics
 *  07 | Union & Literal Types
 *  08 | Type Guards & Assertions
 *  09 | Utility Types
 *  10 | Enums
 *  11 | Modules
 *  12 | Advanced Types
 *  13 | Decorators
 *  14 | Configuration
 *  15 | Common Patterns
 *****************************/
 /***************************
 ------------ 01: Basic Types -----------
 *******************************/
 // Primitive Types
 let str: string = "hello";
 let num: number = 42;
 let bool: boolean = true;
 let undef: undefined = undefined;
 let nul: null = null;
 // Special Types
 let anything: any = "can be anything";
 let unknown: unknown = "type-safe any";
 let nothing: void = undefined;
 let never: never = (() => { throw new Error() })();
 // Type Inference
 let auto = "TypeScript infers string";
 let nums = [1, 2, 3]; // number[]
 /***************************
 ------------ 02: Variables & Arrays -----------
 *******************************/
 // Arrays
 let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
 let strings: Array<string> = ["a", "b"];
 let mixed: (string | number)[] = [1, "two"];
 // Tuples
 let tuple: [string, number] = ["hello", 42];
 let namedTuple: [name: string, age: number] = ["John", 30];
 // Destructuring
 let [first, second] = tuple;
 let [x, y, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 // Object Destructuring
 let {name, age} = {name: "John", age: 30};
 let {a: newName, b = 10} = {a: "value"}; // rename & default
 /***************************
 ------------ 03: Functions -----------
 *******************************/
 // Function Declaration
 function add(x: number, y: number): number {
  return x + y;
 }
 // Arrow Functions
 const multiply = (x: number, y: number): number => x * y;
 const greet = (name: string): void => console.log(`Hello ${name}`);
 // Optional & Default Parameters
 function build(first: string, last?: string, age = 25): string {
  return `${first} ${last || ""} (${age})`;
 }
 // Rest Parameters
 function sum(...nums: number[]): number {
  return nums.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
 }
 // Function Overloads
 function format(x: string): string;
 function format(x: number): string;
 function format(x: string | number): string {
  return x.toString();
 }
 // Function Types
 type MathOp = (x: number, y: number) => number;
 const divide: MathOp = (x, y) => x / y;
 /***************************
 ------------ 04: Objects & Interfaces -----------
 *******************************/
 // Object Types
 let person: {name: string, age: number} = {name: "John", age: 30};
 // Interface
 interface User {
  readonly id: number;
  name: string;
  email?: string; // optional
  [key: string]: any; // index signature
 }
 // Extending Interfaces
 interface Admin extends User {
  permissions: string[];
 }
 // Multiple Inheritance
 interface Timestamped {
  createdAt: Date;
 }
 interface AdminUser extends User, Timestamped {
  role: "admin";
 }
 // Function in Interface
 interface Calculator {
  add(x: number, y: number): number;
  subtract: (x: number, y: number) => number;
 }
 /***************************
 ------------ 05: Classes -----------
 *******************************/
 // Basic Class
 class Animal {
  public name: string;
  private age: number;
  protected species: string;
  readonly id: number;
  constructor(name: string, age: number) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.species = "unknown";
    this.id = Math.random();
  }
  speak(): void {
    console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound`);
  }
 }
 // Inheritance
 class Dog extends Animal {
  breed: string;
  constructor(name: string, age: number, breed: string) {
    super(name, age);
    this.breed = breed;
  }
  speak(): void {
    console.log(`${this.name} barks`);
  }
 }
 // Abstract Class
 abstract class Shape {
  abstract area(): number;
  display(): void {
    console.log(`Area: ${this.area()}`);
  }
 }
 // Static Members
 class MathUtils {
  static PI = 3.14159;
  static circle(radius: number): number {
    return 2 * MathUtils.PI * radius;
  }
 }
 // Getters/Setters
 class Person {
  private _age: number = 0;
  get age(): number {
    return this._age;
  }
  set age(value: number) {
    if (value >= 0) this._age = value;
  }
 }
 /***************************
 ------------ 06: Generics -----------
 *******************************/
 // Generic Functions
 function identity<T>(arg: T): T { return arg; }
 const result = identity<string>("hello");
 const inferred = identity(42); // T inferred as number
 // Multiple Type Parameters
 function pair<T, U>(first: T, second: U): [T, U] {
  return [first, second];
 }
 // Generic Interface
 interface Container<T> {
  value: T;
  getValue(): T;
 }
 // Generic Class
 class Box<T> {
  contents: T;
  constructor(value: T) {
    this.contents = value;
  }
 }
 // Constraints
 interface HasLength {
  length: number;
 }
 function logLength<T extends HasLength>(arg: T): void {
  console.log(arg.length);
 }
 // Keyof Constraint
 function getProperty<T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K] {
  return obj[key];
 }
 /***************************
 ------------ 07: Union & Literal Types -----------
 *******************************/
 // Union Types
 type StringOrNumber = string | number;
 type Status = "loading" | "success" | "error";
 function process(id: string | number): void {
  if (typeof id === "string") {
    console.log(id.toUpperCase());
  } else {
    console.log(id.toFixed(2));
  }
 }
 // Intersection Types
 type Person = {name: string};
 type Employee = {company: string};
 type Staff = Person & Employee; // has both properties
 // Literal Types
 type Theme = "light" | "dark";
 type Port = 3000 | 8080 | 9000;
 type Success = true;
 // Discriminated Unions
 interface Circle {
  kind: "circle";
  radius: number;
 }
 interface Square {
  kind: "square";
  sideLength: number;
 }
 type Shape = Circle | Square;
 function area(shape: Shape): number {
  switch (shape.kind) {
    case "circle":
      return Math.PI * shape.radius ** 2;
    case "square":
      return shape.sideLength ** 2;
  }
 }
 /***************************
 ------------ 08: Type Guards & Assertions -----------
 *******************************/
 // Type Guards
 function isString(value: any): value is string {
  return typeof value === "string";
 }
 function isNumber(value: any): value is number {
  return typeof value === "number";
 }
 // Using Type Guards
 function process(value: string | number) {
  if (isString(value)) {
    console.log(value.toUpperCase()); // TypeScript knows it's string
  } else {
    console.log(value.toFixed(2)); // TypeScript knows it's number
  }
 }
 // in operator
 type Fish = { swim: () => void };
 type Bird = { fly: () => void };
 function move(animal: Fish | Bird) {
  if ("swim" in animal) {
    animal.swim(); // Fish
  } else {
    animal.fly(); // Bird
  }
 }
 // instanceof
 function handleError(error: Error | string) {
  if (error instanceof Error) {
    console.log(error.message);
  } else {
    console.log(error);
  }
 }
 // Type Assertions
 let someValue: any = "hello world";
 let strLength = (someValue as string).length;
 // or: let strLength = (<string>someValue).length;
 // Non-null Assertion
 let name: string | null = getName();
 let nameLength = name!.length; // Assert name is not null
 /***************************
 ------------ 09: Utility Types -----------
 *******************************/
 interface Todo {
  title: string;
  description: string;
  completed: boolean;
 }
 // Partial<T> - All properties optional
 type PartialTodo = Partial<Todo>;
 // {title?: string, description?: string, completed?: boolean}
 // Required<T> - All properties required
 type RequiredTodo = Required<PartialTodo>;
 // Readonly<T> - All properties readonly
 type ReadonlyTodo = Readonly<Todo>;
 // Pick<T, K> - Select specific properties
 type TodoPreview = Pick<Todo, "title" | "completed">;
 // Omit<T, K> - Exclude specific properties
 type TodoInfo = Omit<Todo, "completed">;
 // Record<K, T> - Create object type
 type TodoStatus = Record<"pending" | "completed", Todo[]>;
 // Exclude<T, U> - Remove types from union
 type NonString = Exclude<string | number | boolean, string>;
 // number | boolean
 // Extract<T, U> - Extract types from union
 type StringOnly = Extract<string | number | boolean, string>;
 // string
 // NonNullable<T> - Remove null/undefined
 type NonNullString = NonNullable<string | null | undefined>;
 // string
 // ReturnType<T> - Get function return type
 function getName(): string { return "John"; }
 type NameType = ReturnType<typeof getName>; // string
 // Parameters<T> - Get function parameters as tuple
 type GetNameParams = Parameters<typeof getName>; // []
 /***************************
 ------------ 10: Enums -----------
 *******************************/
 // Numeric Enum
 enum Direction {
  Up,    // 0
  Down,  // 1
  Left,  // 2
  Right  // 3
 }
 // String Enum
 enum Color {
  Red = "red",
  Green = "green",
  Blue = "blue"
 }
 // Mixed Enum
 enum Mixed {
  No = 0,
  Yes = "yes"
 }
 // Const Enum (inlined at compile time)
 const enum StatusCode {
  OK = 200,
  NotFound = 404,
  Error = 500
 }
 // Usage
 let currentDirection = Direction.Up;
 let favoriteColor = Color.Blue;
 let status = StatusCode.OK;
 /***************************
 ------------ 11: Modules -----------
 *******************************/
 // Named Exports
 export const PI = 3.14159;
 export function calculate(r: number): number {
  return PI * r * r;
 }
 export class Calculator {
  add(x: number, y: number): number { return x + y; }
 }
 // Default Export
 export default class Logger {
  log(message: string): void {
    console.log(message);
  }
 }
 // Re-exports
 export { Calculator as Calc } from "./calculator";
 export * from "./utilities";
 // Import
 import Logger from "./logger";           // default import
 import { PI, calculate } from "./math";  // named imports
 import * as MathUtils from "./math";     // namespace import
 import { Calculator as Calc } from "./calculator"; // alias
 // Dynamic Imports
 const module = await import("./dynamic-module");
 /***************************
 ------------ 12: Advanced Types -----------
 *******************************/
 // Mapped Types
 type Nullable<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: T[P] | null;
 };
 type OptionalId<T> = {
  [P in keyof T]: P extends "id" ? T[P] | undefined : T[P];
 };
 // Conditional Types
 type IsString<T> = T extends string ? true : false;
 type StringCheck = IsString<"hello">; // true
 // Template Literal Types
 type EventName<T extends string> = `on${Capitalize<T>}`;
 type ClickEvent = EventName<"click">; // "onClick"
 // Indexed Access Types
 type Person = { name: string; age: number; location: string };
 type PersonName = Person["name"]; // string
 type PersonKeys = keyof Person;   // "name" | "age" | "location"
 // Recursive Types
 type Json = string | number | boolean | null | Json[] | {[key: string]: Json};
 /***************************
 ------------ 13: Decorators -----------
 *******************************/
 // Class Decorator
 function Component(name: string) {
  return function<T extends {new(...args: any[]): {}}>(constructor: T) {
    return class extends constructor {
      componentName = name;
    };
  };
 }
@Component("MyComponent")
 class MyClass {}
 // Method Decorator
 function Log(target: any, propertyName: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
  const method = descriptor.value;
  descriptor.value = function(...args: any[]) {
    console.log(`Calling ${propertyName} with`, args);
    return method.apply(this, args);
  };
 }
 class Service {
  @Log
  getData(): string {
    return "data";
  }
 }
 // Property Decorator
 function MinLength(length: number) {
  return function(target: any, propertyName: string) {
    let value: string;
    const getter = () => value;
    const setter = (newVal: string) => {
      if (newVal.length < length) {
        throw new Error(`${propertyName} must be at least ${length} chars`);
      }
      value = newVal;
    };
    Object.defineProperty(target, propertyName, {
      get: getter,
      set: setter
    });
  };
 }
 class User {
  @MinLength(3)
  username: string;
 }
 /***************************
 ------------ 14: Configuration -----------
 *******************************/
 // tsconfig.json
 /*
 {
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2020",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM"],
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "rootDir": "./src",
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "declaration": true,
    "removeComments": true,
    "noImplicitAny": true,
    "noImplicitReturns": true,
    "noUnusedLocals": true,
    "noUnusedParameters": true
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
 }
 */
 // Compiler Options Quick Reference
 // --target: ES5, ES6, ES2017, ES2018, ES2019, ES2020, ESNext
 // --module: commonjs, amd, es2015, es2020, esnext, system, umd
 // --lib: ES5, ES6, ES2017, DOM, WebWorker, ScriptHost
 // --strict: Enable all strict type checking options
 /***************************
 ------------ 15: Common Patterns -----------
 *******************************/
 // API Response Type
 interface ApiResponse<T> {
  data: T;
  status: number;
  message: string;
 }
 // Event Handler Pattern
 type EventHandler<T = Event> = (event: T) => void;
 const onClick: EventHandler<MouseEvent> = (e) => console.log(e.clientX);
 // Builder Pattern
 class QueryBuilder {
  private query = "";
  select(fields: string): this {
    this.query += `SELECT ${fields} `;
    return this;
  }
  from(table: string): this {
    this.query += `FROM ${table} `;
    return this;
  }
  build(): string {
    return this.query.trim();
  }
 }
 // Factory Pattern
 interface Shape { area(): number; }
 class Circle implements Shape {
  constructor(private radius: number) {}
  area(): number { return Math.PI * this.radius ** 2; }
 }
 class ShapeFactory {
  static createCircle(radius: number): Shape {
    return new Circle(radius);
  }
 }
 // Promise/Async Patterns
 type AsyncResult<T> = Promise<T | Error>;
 async function fetchUser(id: number): Promise<User | null> {
  try {
    const response = await fetch(`/api/users/${id}`);
    return await response.json();
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
 }
 // Type-safe Environment Variables
 interface Env {
  NODE_ENV: "development" | "production" | "test";
  PORT: number;
  DATABASE_URL: string;
 }
 declare global {
  namespace NodeJS {
    interface ProcessEnv extends Env {}
  }
 }
 /*
 * QUICK TIPS
 * ----------
 * • Use 'unknown' instead of 'any' when possible
 * • Prefer 'interface' for object shapes, 'type' for unions/computed types
 * • Enable strict mode in tsconfig.json
 * • Use const assertions: const colors = ['red', 'blue'] as const
 * • Prefer type guards over type assertions
 * • Use utility types instead of manual type manipulation
 * • Enable noImplicitAny for better type safety
 * • Use discriminated unions for complex state management
 */
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
 1. Data Types
    Primitive   Size            Example
-
+    
    String      2 bytes/char    s = "reference";
    bool                        b = true;
    char        2 bytes         ch = 'a';
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    decimal     16 bytes        val = 70.0M;
 2. Arrays
-
+    
    2.1 Declaration
    //Initiliazed using a list defined with curly braces
    int[] nameArray = {100, 101, 102};
-
+    
    //Define an empty array
    int[] nameArray = new int[3]; // 3 rows and 2 columns
-
+    
    //To access a specific item in the array
    int[] nameArray = new int[10];
    int firstNumber = nameArray[0];
    nameArray[1] = 20;
-
+    
    //Multidimensional arrays
    int [,] matrix = new int [2,2]
    matrix[0,0] = 1;
@@ -40,26 +40,26 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    int[,] predefinedMatrix = new int[2,2] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };
    2.2 Array Operations
-
+    
    //Sort ascending
    Array.Sort(nameArray);
-
+    
    //Sort begins at element 6 and sorts 20 elements
    Array.Sort(nameArray,6,20);
-
+    
    //Use 1 array as a key & sort 2 arrays
    string[] values = {"Juan", "Victor", "Elena"};
    string[] keys = {"Jimenez", "Martin", "Ortiz"};
    Array.Sort(keys, values);
-
+    
    //Clear elements in array (array, first element, # elements)
    Array.Clear(nameArray, 0, nameArray.Length);
-
+    
    //Copy elements from one array to another
    Array.Copy(scr, target, numOfElements);
 3. String Operations
-
+    
    //To concatenate between strings, use the plus operator:
    string firstName = "Erin";
    string lastName = "Roger";
@@ -68,27 +68,27 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    //To add one string to another, use the += operator:
    string secondLastName = "Green";
    string fullName += secondLastName;
-
+    
    //ToString function
    //It converts an object to its string representation so that it is suitable for display
    Object.ToString();
-
+    
    //String formatting
    //Each additional argument to the function can be referred to in the string using the brackets operator with the index number.
    String.Format(String format, Object arg0);
-     format - A composite format string that includes one or more format items
+     format - A composite format string that includes one or more format items 
     arg0 - The first or only object to format
    //Substring
    //Returns a part of the string, beginning from the index specified as the argument. Substring also accepts a maximum length for the substring
    String.Substring(beginAt);
    String.Substring(beginAt, maximum);
-
+    
    //Replace
    string newStr = oldStr.Replace("old","new");
    //IndexOf
-    //Finds the first occurrence of a string in a larger string
+    //Finds the first ocurrence of a string in a larger string
    //Returns -1 if the string is not found
    String.IndexOf(val, start, num)
    val - string to search for
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    String.Split(Char[]);
    //ToCharArray
-    //Places selected characters in a string in a char array
+    //Places selected characteres in a string in a char array
    String str = "AaBbCcDd";
    //create array of 8 vowels
    var chars = str.ToCharArray();
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    DateTime nextYear = DateTime.AddYears(1);
 6. TimeSpan
-
+    
    6.1 TimeSpan Constructor
-
+        
-    TimeSpan(hour, minute, sec)
+    TimpeSpan(hour, minute, sec)
-
+    
    TimeSpan timeS = new TimeSpan(10, 14, 50);
    TimeSpan timeS_Hours = TimeSpan.FromDays(3640);
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    Format item syntax: {index[,alignment][:format string]}
    index - Specifies element in list of values to which format is applied
-    alignment - Indicates minimum width (in characters) to display value
+    aligment - Indicates minimun width (in characters) to display value
-    format string - Contains the code which specifies the format of the displayed value
+    format string - Contains the code which specififes the format of the displayed value
    7.1 Numeric
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    csc -define:DEBUG -optimize -out:File2.exe *.cs -> Compiles all the C# files in the current directory with optimizations enabled and defines the DEBUG symbol. The output is File2.exe
    csc -target:library -out:File2.dll -warn:0 -nologo -debug *.cs -> Compiles all the C# files in the current directory producing a debug version of File2.dll. No logo and no warnings are displayed
    csc -target:library -out:Something.xyz *.cs -> Compiles all the C# files in the current directory to Something.xyz (a DLL)
-
+    
    8.1 Compiler Options Listed
    Option	                    Purpose
@@ -260,21 +260,21 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
 10. Loop
    10.1 While
-
+    
    while (condition) {body}
-
+    
    10.2 Do while
    do {body} while condition;
-
+    
    10.3 For
    for (initializer; termination condition; iteration;) {
            //statements
    }
-
+    
    10.4 For each
-
+    
    foreach (type identifier in collection)  {
        //statements
    }
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    [access modifier] className (parameters) [:initializer]
    initializer -base calls constructor in base class.
-                 this calls constructor within class.
+                 this calls constuctor within class.
    public class nameClass : Initializer {
        public className(dataType param1 , dataType param2, ...) : base(param1, param2)
@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    abstract – must be implemented by subclass
    Passing parameters:
-        1. By default, parameters are passed by value
+        1. By default, parametres are passed by value
-        2. Passing by reference: ref, in and out modifiers
+        2. Passing by reference: ref, in and out modifers
    To pass a parameter by reference with the intent of changing the value, use the ref, or out keyword. To pass by reference with the intent of avoiding copying but not changing the value, use the in modifier
@@ -331,9 +331,9 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
 12. Struct
    12.1 Defining a structure
-
+    
    [attribute][modifier] struct name [:interfaces] { struct-body }
-
+    
    12.2 Class vs Structure
       -> Classes are reference types and structs are value types
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ CHEATSHEET C#
    //To declare an event inside a class, first a delegate type for the event must be declared.
    public delegate string MyDelegate(string str);
-
+    
    //The event itself is declared by using the event keyword
    event MyDelegate MyEvent;
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ Preprocessor directives:
 Create and execute a program
-In Linux systems:
+In Linux systems: 
    1. Open up a terminal
    2. Create the program: nano nameProgram.c
    3. Write the program and save it
-    4. gcc -o nameExecutable nameProgram.c
+    4. gcc -o nameExecutable nameProgram.c 
 32 Reserved words
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ Operators
  ( )	  grouping parenthesis, function call
  [ ]	  array indexing, also  [ ][ ]  etc.
-  ->   	selector, structure pointer
+  ->   	selector, structure pointer  
-  .	    select structure element
+  .	    select structure element     
  !	    relational not, complement, ! a  yields true or false
  ~    	bitwise not, ones complement, ~ a
  ++  	increment, pre or post to a variable
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Operators
 Operator precedence
-
+                
 More precedence
 LR	( ) [ ] -> . x++ x--
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Function definition
 type function_name(int a, float b, const char * ch,...) { function_body }
-/* only parameters passed by address can are modified*/
+/* only parameters passed by address can are modified*/ 
 /* in the calling function, local copy can be modified*/
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ XML uses a DTD to describe the data.
   So the XML is a **Complement** to HTML.
 * HTML: is used to format and display the same data.
-
+   
 XML does not carry any information about how to be displayed. The same XML data can be used in many different presentation scenarios.
 Because of this, with XML, there is a full separation between data and presentation.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ CTRL+X then (   # start recording a keyboard macro
 CTRL+X then )   # finish recording keyboard macro
 CTRL+X then E   # recall last recorded keyboard macro
 CTRL+X then CTRL+E   # invoke text editor (specified by $EDITOR) on current command line then execute resultes as shell commands
-CTRL+A then D  # logout from screen but don't kill it, if any command exist, it will continue
+CTRL+A then D  # logout from screen but don't kill it, if any command exist, it will continue 
 BACKSPACE  # deletes one character backward
 DELETE     # deletes one character under cursor
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ cat <filename>                # displays file raw content (will not be interpret
 cat -n <filename>             # shows number of lines
 nl <file.sh>                  # shows number of lines in file
 cat filename1 > filename2     # Copy filename1 to filename2
-cat filename1 >> filename2    # merge two files texts together
+cat filename1 >> filename2    # merge two files texts together 
 any_command > <filename>      # '>' is used to perform redirections, it will set any_command's stdout to file instead of "real stdout" (generally /dev/stdout)
 more <filename>               # shows the first part of a file (move with space and type q to quit)
 head <filename>               # outputs the first lines of file (default: 10 lines)
@@ -203,14 +203,14 @@ echo $$                      # prints process ID of the current shell
 echo $!                      # prints process ID of the most recently invoked background job
 echo $?                      # displays the exit status of the last command
 read <varname>               # reads a string from the input and assigns it to a variable
-read -p "prompt" <varname>   # same as above but outputs a prompt to ask user for value
+read -p "prompt" <varname>   # same as above but outputs a prompt to ask user for value 
 column -t <filename>         # display info in pretty columns (often used with pipe)
 let <varname> = <equation>   # performs mathematical calculation using operators like +, -, *, /, %
 export VARNAME=value         # defines an environment variable (will be available in subprocesses)
 export -f  <funcname>        # Exports function 'funcname'
 export var1="var1 value"     # Export and assign in the same statement
-export <varname>             # Copy Bash variable
+export <varname>             # Copy Bash variable 
-declare -x <varname>         # Copy Bash variable
+declare -x <varname>         # Copy Bash variable 
 array[0]=valA                # how to define an array
 array[1]=valB
@@ -507,9 +507,9 @@ function returntrap {
 trap returntrap RETURN  # is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the . or source commands finishes executing
 ##############################################################################
-# COLORS AND BACKGROUNDS
+# COLORS AND BACKGROUNDS 
 ##############################################################################
-# note: \e or \x1B also work instead of \033
+# note: \e or \x1B also work instead of \033 
 # Reset
 Color_Off='\033[0m' # Text Reset
@@ -524,14 +524,14 @@ Cyan='\033[0;36m'   # Cyan
 White='\033[0;97m'  # White
 # Additional colors
-LGrey='\033[0;37m'  # Light Gray
+LGrey='\033[0;37m'  # Ligth Gray
 DGrey='\033[0;90m'  # Dark Gray
-LRed='\033[0;91m'   # Light Red
+LRed='\033[0;91m'   # Ligth Red
-LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Light Green
+LGreen='\033[0;92m' # Ligth Green
-LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Light Yellow
+LYellow='\033[0;93m'# Ligth Yellow
-LBlue='\033[0;94m'  # Light Blue
+LBlue='\033[0;94m'  # Ligth Blue
 LPurple='\033[0;95m'# Light Purple
-LCyan='\033[0;96m'  # Light Cyan
+LCyan='\033[0;96m'  # Ligth Cyan
 # Bold
@@ -566,6 +566,6 @@ On_White='\033[47m' # White
 # Example of usage
 echo -e "${Green}This is GREEN text${Color_Off} and normal text"
-echo -e "${Red}${On_White}This is Red test on White background${Color_Off}"
+echo -e "${Red}${On_White}This is Red test on White background${Color_Off}" 
 # option -e is mandatory, it enable interpretation of backslash escapes
 printf "${Red} This is red \n"
@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ d, t := doubleAndTriple(5)
 _, t := doubleAndTriple(3)
 // t = 9
-// Functions can defer commands. Deferred commands are
+// Functions can defer commands. Defered commands are
-// ran in a stack order after the execution and
+// runned in a stack order after the execution and
 // returning of a function
 var aux = 0
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ person3.Age // 0
 ## Maps
-Maps are data structures that holds values assigned to a key.
+Maps are data structures that holds values assigneds to a key.
 ```go
 // Declaring a map
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ newYork // "EUA"
 // Delete
 delete(cities, "NY")
-// Check if a key is set
+// Check if a key is setted
 value, ok := cities["NY"]
 ok // false
 value // ""
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ Go doesn't support `throw`, `try`, `catch` and other common error handling struc
 ```go
 import "errors"
-// Function that contain a logic that can cause a possible exception flow
+// Function that contain a logic that can cause a possible exception flow 
 func firstLetter(text string) (string, error) {
    if len(text) < 1 {
        return nil, errors.New("Parameter text is empty")
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ func Sum(x, y int) int {
 }
 // main_test.go
-import (
+import ( 
    "testing"
    "reflect"
 )
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ func main() {
    blocking2: 0
    blocking2: 1
    blocking2: 2
-    done
+    done 
 */
 // Go routines are a function (either declared previously or anonymous) called with the keyword go
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ a \|= b; //a is the variable name; b is the variable name; this expression is an
  }
 ```
 **Example:**
-```java
+```java  
  for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
     System.out.println(i);
  }
@@ -254,10 +254,10 @@ for(dataType item : array) {
 **Example:**
 ```java
-    int i=1;
+    int i=1;  
-    do{
+    do{  
-      System.out.println(i);
+      System.out.println(i);  
-      i++;
+      i++;  
    }while(i<=10);
 ```
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ for(dataType item : array) {
  //Declare a variable, object name
  String s;
-  //Invoke a constructor to create an object
+  //Invoke a contructor to create an object
  s = new String ("Hello World");
  //Invoke an instance method that operates on the object's value
@@ -361,13 +361,13 @@ class MyClass {
        // four methods
        public void setCadence(int newValue) {
            cadence = newValue;
-        }
+        }   
        public void setGear(int newValue) {
            gear = newValue;
-        }
+        }   
        public void applyBrake(int decrement) {
            speed -= decrement;
-        }
+        }  
        public void speedUp(int increment) {
            speed += increment;
        }
@@ -531,13 +531,13 @@ class MyClass extends MySuperClass implements YourInterface {
 ```java
-    interface print{
+    interface print{  
-        void printPaper();
+        void printPaper();  
-    }
+    }  
-    public class A4 implements print{
+    public class A4 implements print{  
        public void printPaper(){
          System.out.println("A4 Page Printed. ");
-        }
+        }  
    }
 ```
@@ -95,9 +95,3 @@ arr.reduce(callback[, initialValue])                 // Apply a function against
 arr.reduceRight(callback[, initialValue])            // Apply a function against an accumulator and each value of the array (from right-to-left) as to reduce it to a single value.
 arr.some(callback[, initialValue])                   // Returns true if at least one element in this array satisfies the provided testing function.
 arr.values()                                         // Returns a new Array Iterator object that contains the values for each index in the array.
 // String methods
 String.charAt(index)                                 // Returns the character at the specified index in a string.
 String.indexOf(character)                            // Returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified value in a string.
 String.substring(starting_index, ending_index)       // Returns a new string that is a subset of the original string.
 String.substring(starting_index)                     // Returns a substring from starting index to last index of string.
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <?php
 // Exit the file, string inside get's echo'ed
-die("This file is not meant to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
+die("This file is not ment to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
-exit("This file is not meant to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
+exit("This file is not ment to be ran. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯");
 /**
 * Printing
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ var_dump($arr); // Print anything, with type hints for any value and sizes
 $string = 'Awesome cheatsheets';
 str_contains($string, 'cheat'); // Find if the string contains the specified string (PHP >= 8.0)
-str_replace('Awesome', 'Bonjour', $string); // Replace all occurrence
+str_replace('Awesome', 'Bonjour', $string); // Replace all occurence
 strcmp($string, 'Awesome cheatsheets'); // Compare two strings
 strpos($string, 'a', 0); // Get position in the string
 str_split($string, 2); // Split the string
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ $argc; // Number of arguments passed into terminal
 $myObject?->getName()?->startWith('A');
 /**
- * Class
+ * Class 
 * http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.basic.php
 */
 class NormalClass extends AbstractClassName implements InterfaceName
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class NormalClass extends AbstractClassName implements InterfaceName
    // --> PROPERTY TYPES <--
    /**
-     * Public property, everyone can access this property.
+     * Public property, everyone can access this property. 
     * @var Type
     */
    public $property;
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class NormalClass extends AbstractClassName implements InterfaceName
    protected function protectedFunction(Type $var = null): Type
    {
    }
-
+    
    /**
     * Static function, doesn't need an instance to be executed.
     * @param Type
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ u   Pattern is treated as UTF-8
 \w  Any "word" character (a-z 0-9 _)
 \W  Any non "word" character
 \s  Whitespace (space, tab CRLF)
-\S  Any non whitespace character
+\S  Any non whitepsace character
 \d  Digits (0-9)
 \D  Any non digit character
 .   (Period) - Any character except newline
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 - As of python3.8 there are 35 keywords
 | Keyword | Description  | Category |
-|---------- | ---------- | --------- |
+|---------- | ---------- | --------- | 
 | True      | Boolean value for not False or 1 | Value Keyword|
 | False     | Boolean Value for not True or 0 | Value Keyword |
 | None      | No Value | Value keyword |
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 | else | this block will be executed if condition is false | conditional |
 | for | used for looping | iteration |
 | while | used for looping | iteration |
-| break | get out of loop | iteration |
+| break | get out of loop | iteration | 
 | continue | skip for specific condition | iteration |
 | def | make user defined function | structure |
 | class | make user defined classes | structure |
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
 | import | import libraries/modules/packages | import |
 | from | import specific function/classes from modules/packages | import |
 | try | this block will be tried to get executed | exception handling |
-| except | is any exception/error has occurred it'll be executed | exception handling |
+| except | is any exception/error has occured it'll be executed | exception handling |
-| finally | It'll be executed no matter exception occurs or not | exception handling |
+| finally | It'll be executed no matter exception occurs or not | exception handling | 
 | raise | throws any specific error/exception | exception handling |
 | assert | throws an AssertionError if condition is false | exception handling |
 | async | used to define asynchronous functions/co-routines | asynchronous programming |
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 - Lists are created using square brackets:
 ```python
-thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] 
 ```
 - List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ thislist = list(("apple", "banana", "cherry"))  # note the double round-brackets
 - pop() function removes the last value in the given list by default.
  ```python
-  thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
+  thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] 
-
+  
  print(thislist.pop())  # cherry
-  print(thislist.pop(0))  #apple
+  print(thislist.pop(0))  #apple 
-
+  
  ```
-
+  
 ### Tuple
@@ -291,14 +291,14 @@ thisdict = {
    "model": "Mustang",
    "year": 1964
  }
-
+  
  x = car.pop("model")
-
+  
  print(x)# Mustang
  print(car)#{'brand': 'Ford', 'year': 1964}
  ```
-
+  
 ### Conditional branching
@@ -378,5 +378,5 @@ function_name()
 ```
 * We need not to specify the return type of the function.
-* Functions by default return `None`
+* Functions by default return `None` 
 * We can return any datatype.
@@ -1,815 +0,0 @@
 # TypeScript
 * TypeScript is a statically typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript
 * It adds optional static type definitions to JavaScript, enabling better tooling and error detection
 * In TypeScript, types are checked at compile-time, not runtime
 * A TypeScript file has an extension of .ts (or .tsx for React components)
 * TypeScript follows JavaScript syntax but adds type annotations and advanced features
 * We can compile and run a TypeScript file by the following commands:
    `$ tsc filename.ts` (compile to JavaScript)
    `$ node filename.js` (run the compiled JavaScript)
    Or directly: `$ ts-node filename.ts`
 #### TypeScript requires compilation to JavaScript before execution.
 ## Create and execute a program
 1. Install TypeScript globally: `npm install -g typescript`
 1. Create the program: `touch program.ts`
 1. Write the TypeScript code and save it
 1. Compile: `tsc program.ts`
 1. Run: `node program.js`
 <br>
 ### Basic Data Types
 | Data Type | Description | Example |
 | --------- | ----------- | ------- |
 | number | Integer and floating point values | `42`, `3.14`, `-7` |
 | string | Text values | `"hello"`, `'world'`, `` `template` `` |
 | boolean | True/false values | `true`, `false` |
 | undefined | Undefined value | `undefined` |
 | null | Null value | `null` |
 | any | Any type (disables type checking) | Can be anything |
 | unknown | Type-safe counterpart of any | Requires type checking |
 | void | Absence of any type | Function return type |
 | never | Type that never occurs | Functions that throw errors |
 | object | Non-primitive types | `{}`, `[]`, functions |
 <br>
 ## Keywords and Reserved Words
 <br>
 - TypeScript includes all JavaScript keywords plus additional TypeScript-specific ones
 | Keyword | Description  | Category |
 |---------- | ---------- | --------- |
 | let | Declares a block-scoped variable | Variable Declaration |
 | const | Declares a block-scoped constant | Variable Declaration |
 | var | Declares a function-scoped variable | Variable Declaration |
 | function | Declares a function | Function |
 | class | Declares a class | Class |
 | interface | Declares an interface | Type Definition |
 | type | Declares a type alias | Type Definition |
 | enum | Declares an enumeration | Type Definition |
 | namespace | Declares a namespace | Module System |
 | module | Declares a module | Module System |
 | import | Imports from another module | Module System |
 | export | Exports from current module | Module System |
 | extends | Class/interface inheritance | Inheritance |
 | implements | Class implements interface | Inheritance |
 | public | Public access modifier | Access Modifier |
 | private | Private access modifier | Access Modifier |
 | protected | Protected access modifier | Access Modifier |
 | readonly | Read-only property | Access Modifier |
 | static | Static class member | Class Member |
 | abstract | Abstract class/method | Class |
 | async | Asynchronous function | Async Programming |
 | await | Awaits a promise | Async Programming |
 | new | Creates new instance | Object Creation |
 | this | Current object reference | Object Reference |
 | super | Parent class reference | Inheritance |
 | typeof | Gets type of variable | Type Operation |
 | keyof | Gets keys of type | Type Operation |
 | in | Property existence check | Type Guard |
 | instanceof | Instance type check | Type Guard |
 | as | Type assertion | Type Assertion |
 | is | Type predicate | Type Guard |
 | infer | Infers type in conditional types | Advanced Types |
 | declare | Ambient declarations | Declaration |
 | get | Property getter | Accessor |
 | set | Property setter | Accessor |
 | yield | Generator yield | Generator |
 <br>
 ## Operators
 <br>
 | Operator | Description |
 |-|-|
 |  ( )	|  Grouping, function call, type assertion |
 |  [ ]	|  Array indexing, array/tuple types |
 |  .	|  Property access |
 |  ?.   | 	Optional chaining |
 | !   |	Non-null assertion, logical not |
 |  ~   | 	Bitwise not |
 | \-   |	Unary minus, arithmetic subtraction |
 |  \+   | 	Unary plus, arithmetic addition |
 |  \*   |	Multiplication |
 |  /   	| Division |
 |  %    |	Modulo |
 |  \*\* | Exponentiation |
 | <<   | Left shift |
 | \>>   |	Right shift |
 | \>>>   |	Unsigned right shift |
 | <    |	Less than |
 | <=   |	Less than or equal |
 | \>    |	Greater than |
 | \>=   |	Greater than or equal |
 |  ==   |	Equality (with coercion) |
 |  ===   |	Strict equality |
 | !=  | 	Inequality (with coercion) |
 | !==  | 	Strict inequality |
 |  & | Bitwise AND |
 | ^ | Bitwise XOR |
 | \| | Bitwise OR, Union types |
 |  && | Logical AND |
 | \|\| | Logical OR |
 | ??   | Nullish coalescing |
 | ? :  | Ternary conditional |
 | =  | Assignment |
 |  += | Add and assign |
 |  -=  | Subtract and assign |
 |  *= | Multiply and assign |
 |  /= | Divide and assign |
 |  %= | Modulo and assign |
 | **= | Exponentiate and assign |
 | <<= | Left shift and assign |
 |  \>>= | Right shift and assign |
 |  &= | Bitwise AND and assign |
 |  ^= | Bitwise XOR and assign |
 |  \|= | Bitwise OR and assign |
 |  , | Comma operator |
 | => | Arrow function |
 | ... | Spread/rest operator |
 ### Basic Data Structures
 ### Array
 - Array is an ordered collection of elements of the same or different types.
 - Arrays are created using square brackets or Array constructor:
 ```typescript
 let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
 let fruits: Array<string> = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
 let mixed: (string | number)[] = [1, "two", 3];
 ```
 - Array elements are indexed starting from 0.
 - Arrays are mutable - you can change, add, and remove elements.
 - Common array methods:
 ```typescript
 let arr = [1, 2, 3];
 arr.push(4);        // Add to end: [1, 2, 3, 4]
 arr.pop();          // Remove from end: [1, 2, 3]
 arr.unshift(0);     // Add to start: [0, 1, 2, 3]
 arr.shift();        // Remove from start: [1, 2, 3]
 arr.length;         // Get length: 3
 ```
 ### Tuple
 - Tuple is an array with a fixed number of elements of specific types.
 - Tuples are created using square brackets with type annotations:
 ```typescript
 let person: [string, number] = ["John", 30];
 let coordinate: [number, number] = [10, 20];
 ```
 - Tuple elements are ordered and have specific types at each position.
 - You can access elements by index, but type checking ensures correctness:
 ```typescript
 let point: [number, number] = [10, 20];
 console.log(point[0]); // 10 (number)
 console.log(point[1]); // 20 (number)
 ```
 - Named tuples provide better readability:
 ```typescript
 let user: [name: string, age: number] = ["Alice", 25];
 ```
 - Optional and rest elements in tuples:
 ```typescript
 let optional: [string, number?] = ["hello"];
 let rest: [string, ...number[]] = ["coords", 1, 2, 3];
 ```
 ### Set
 - Set is a collection of unique values of any type.
 - Sets are created using the Set constructor:
 ```typescript
 let uniqueNumbers = new Set<number>([1, 2, 3, 2]); // {1, 2, 3}
 let stringSet = new Set<string>();
 ```
 - Set operations:
 ```typescript
 let mySet = new Set<string>();
 mySet.add("apple");     // Add element
 mySet.has("apple");     // Check existence: true
 mySet.delete("apple");  // Remove element
 mySet.clear();          // Remove all elements
 mySet.size;             // Get size
 ```
 - Iterating over Set:
 ```typescript
 let fruits = new Set(["apple", "banana", "cherry"]);
 for (let fruit of fruits) {
    console.log(fruit);
 }
 ```
 ### Map
 - Map is a collection of key-value pairs where keys can be any type.
 - Maps are created using the Map constructor:
 ```typescript
 let userMap = new Map<string, number>();
 let mixedMap = new Map<string | number, any>();
 ```
 - Map operations:
 ```typescript
 let map = new Map<string, number>();
 map.set("age", 30);         // Add key-value pair
 map.get("age");             // Get value: 30
 map.has("age");             // Check key exists: true
 map.delete("age");          // Remove key-value pair
 map.clear();                // Remove all entries
 map.size;                   // Get size
 ```
 - Object vs Map:
 ```typescript
 // Object - string/symbol keys only
 let obj: { [key: string]: number } = { "age": 30 };
 // Map - any type keys
 let map = new Map<any, number>();
 map.set("age", 30);
 map.set(42, 100);
 map.set(true, 1);
 ```
 ### Object Types and Interfaces
 - Objects store key-value pairs and are fundamental to TypeScript.
 - Object type annotation:
 ```typescript
 let person: { name: string; age: number } = {
    name: "John",
    age: 30
 };
 ```
 - Interface definition for better reusability:
 ```typescript
 interface User {
    readonly id: number;    // Read-only property
    name: string;
    age?: number;          // Optional property
    [key: string]: any;    // Index signature
 }
 let user: User = {
    id: 1,
    name: "Alice"
 };
 ```
 - Nested objects and complex types:
 ```typescript
 interface Address {
    street: string;
    city: string;
    country: string;
 }
 interface Person {
    name: string;
    address: Address;
    hobbies: string[];
 }
 ```
 ### Conditional branching
 ```typescript
 // If-else statements
 if (condition) {
    // code block
 } else if (anotherCondition) {
    // code block
 } else {
    // code block
 }
 // Ternary operator
 let result = condition ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse;
 // Switch statement
 switch (variable) {
    case value1:
        // code
        break;
    case value2:
        // code
        break;
    default:
        // code
        break;
 }
 ```
 ### Loops
 TypeScript supports all JavaScript loop constructs:
 #### For loop
 ```typescript
 // Traditional for loop
 for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
 }
 // For-of loop (iterates over values)
 let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
 for (let fruit of fruits) {
    console.log(fruit);
 }
 // For-in loop (iterates over keys/indices)
 for (let index in fruits) {
    console.log(index, fruits[index]);
 }
 ```
 #### While loop
 ```typescript
 let i = 0;
 while (i < 5) {
    console.log(i);
    i++;
 }
 // Do-while loop
 let j = 0;
 do {
    console.log(j);
    j++;
 } while (j < 5);
 ```
 #### Loop control
 ```typescript
 for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (i === 3) continue;  // Skip iteration
    if (i === 7) break;     // Exit loop
    console.log(i);
 }
 ```
 ### Function definition
 ```typescript
 // Function declaration
 function functionName(param1: type, param2: type): returnType {
    return value;
 }
 // Function expression
 const functionName = function(param: type): returnType {
    return value;
 };
 // Arrow function
 const functionName = (param: type): returnType => {
    return value;
 };
 // Arrow function (concise)
 const functionName = (param: type): returnType => value;
 ```
 ### Function variations
 ```typescript
 // Optional parameters
 function greet(name: string, age?: number): string {
    return age ? `Hello ${name}, you are ${age}` : `Hello ${name}`;
 }
 // Default parameters
 function multiply(a: number, b: number = 1): number {
    return a * b;
 }
 // Rest parameters
 function sum(...numbers: number[]): number {
    return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
 }
 // Function overloads
 function process(input: string): string;
 function process(input: number): number;
 function process(input: string | number): string | number {
    if (typeof input === 'string') {
        return input.toUpperCase();
    }
    return input * 2;
 }
 // Generic functions
 function identity<T>(arg: T): T {
    return arg;
 }
 let result = identity<string>("hello"); // Type is string
 let result2 = identity(42);             // Type inferred as number
 ```
 ### Function call
 ```typescript
 functionName(argument1, argument2);
 // With optional parameters
 greet("John");          // "Hello John"
 greet("John", 25);      // "Hello John, you are 25"
 // With rest parameters
 sum(1, 2, 3, 4);        // 10
 // Generic function call
 identity<string>("hello");
 identity(42);           // Type inferred
 ```
 ### Classes
 ```typescript
 class ClassName {
    // Properties
    public publicProperty: type;
    private privateProperty: type;
    protected protectedProperty: type;
    readonly readonlyProperty: type;
    static staticProperty: type;
    // Constructor
    constructor(param: type) {
        this.publicProperty = param;
    }
    // Methods
    public method(): returnType {
        return value;
    }
    // Getters and setters
    get property(): type {
        return this.privateProperty;
    }
    set property(value: type) {
        this.privateProperty = value;
    }
    // Static method
    static staticMethod(): returnType {
        return value;
    }
 }
 // Inheritance
 class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
    constructor(param: type) {
        super(param); // Call parent constructor
    }
    // Override method
    method(): returnType {
        return super.method(); // Call parent method
    }
 }
 // Abstract class
 abstract class AbstractClass {
    abstract abstractMethod(): void;
    concreteMethod(): void {
        console.log("This is implemented");
    }
 }
 ```
 ### Key TypeScript Features
 * **Static Typing**: Types are checked at compile-time
 * **Type Inference**: TypeScript can often infer types automatically
 * **Optional Typing**: You can gradually add types to existing JavaScript
 * **Generics**: Create reusable components that work with multiple types
 * **Interfaces**: Define contracts for objects and classes
 * **Enums**: Create named constants
 * **Union Types**: Variables can be one of several types
 * **Intersection Types**: Combine multiple types
 * **Type Guards**: Runtime type checking
 * **Decorators**: Add metadata to classes and methods
 ### Compilation
 * TypeScript code must be compiled to JavaScript before execution
 * The TypeScript compiler (`tsc`) performs type checking and transpilation
 * Configuration is managed through `tsconfig.json`
 * TypeScript can target different JavaScript versions (ES5, ES6, etc.)
 * Source maps can be generated for debugging compiled code
 #### Sample TypeScript Code
 **hello.ts**
 ```typescript
 // TypeScript source code
 interface User {
    name: string;
    age: number;
    isActive?: boolean;
 }
 class UserManager {
    private users: User[] = [];
    addUser(user: User): void {
        this.users.push(user);
        console.log(`Added user: ${user.name}`);
    }
    getActiveUsers(): User[] {
        return this.users.filter(user => user.isActive ?? true);
    }
    getUserCount(): number {
        return this.users.length;
    }
 }
 // Generic function
 function processData<T>(data: T[], processor: (item: T) => T): T[] {
    return data.map(processor);
 }
 // Usage
 const userManager = new UserManager();
 const newUser: User = {
    name: "John Doe",
    age: 30,
    isActive: true
 };
 userManager.addUser(newUser);
 // Arrow functions with types
 const formatUser = (user: User): string => 
    `${user.name} (${user.age} years old)`;
 // Union types and type guards
 function displayInfo(value: string | number | boolean): string {
    if (typeof value === "string") {
        return `Text: ${value.toUpperCase()}`;
    } else if (typeof value === "number") {
        return `Number: ${value.toFixed(2)}`;
    } else {
        return `Boolean: ${value ? "Yes" : "No"}`;
    }
 }
 console.log(displayInfo("hello"));
 console.log(displayInfo(42.567));
 console.log(displayInfo(true));
 ```
 #### Compilation Commands
 ```bash
 # Compile single file
 tsc hello.ts
 # Compile with specific target
 tsc hello.ts --target ES2020
 # Compile with source maps
 tsc hello.ts --sourceMap
 # Watch mode (recompile on changes)
 tsc hello.ts --watch
 # Compile all files in project
 tsc
 # Check for errors without generating files
 tsc --noEmit
 # Compile with strict mode
 tsc hello.ts --strict
 ```
 #### Compiled JavaScript Output
 **hello.js** (compiled from above TypeScript)
 ```javascript
 "use strict";
 // JavaScript output (target ES2017)
 class UserManager {
    constructor() {
        this.users = [];
    }
    addUser(user) {
        this.users.push(user);
        console.log(`Added user: ${user.name}`);
    }
    getActiveUsers() {
        return this.users.filter(user => user.isActive ?? true);
    }
    getUserCount() {
        return this.users.length;
    }
 }
 // Generic function (types removed)
 function processData(data, processor) {
    return data.map(processor);
 }
 // Usage
 const userManager = new UserManager();
 const newUser = {
    name: "John Doe",
    age: 30,
    isActive: true
 };
 userManager.addUser(newUser);
 // Arrow functions
 const formatUser = (user) => `${user.name} (${user.age} years old)`;
 // Type guards remain as runtime checks
 function displayInfo(value) {
    if (typeof value === "string") {
        return `Text: ${value.toUpperCase()}`;
    }
    else if (typeof value === "number") {
        return `Number: ${value.toFixed(2)}`;
    }
    else {
        return `Boolean: ${value ? "Yes" : "No"}`;
    }
 }
 console.log(displayInfo("hello"));
 console.log(displayInfo(42.567));
 console.log(displayInfo(true));
 ```
 #### tsconfig.json Configuration
 ```json
 {
  "compilerOptions": {
    // Basic Options
    "target": "ES2020",                     // Target JavaScript version
    "module": "commonjs",                   // Module system
    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM"],              // Include library files
    "outDir": "./dist",                     // Output directory
    "rootDir": "./src",                     // Input directory
    "strict": true,                         // Enable strict type checking
    // Additional Checks
    "noUnusedLocals": true,                // Error on unused variables
    "noUnusedParameters": true,            // Error on unused parameters
    "noImplicitReturns": true,             // Error on missing return statements
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    // Error on fallthrough cases
    // Module Resolution
    "moduleResolution": "node",             // Module resolution strategy
    "baseUrl": "./",                        // Base directory
    "paths": {                              // Path mapping
      "@/*": ["src/*"],
      "@utils/*": ["src/utils/*"]
    },
    // Source Maps & Debugging
    "sourceMap": true,                      // Generate source maps
    "inlineSourceMap": false,               // Don't inline source maps
    "declaration": true,                    // Generate .d.ts files
    "declarationMap": true,                 // Generate .d.ts.map files
    // Experimental
    "experimentalDecorators": true,         // Enable decorators
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,          // Emit decorator metadata
    // JavaScript Support
    "allowJs": true,                        // Allow JavaScript files
    "checkJs": false,                       // Type check JavaScript files
    // Other Options
    "esModuleInterop": true,               // CommonJS/ES6 interop
    "skipLibCheck": true,                  // Skip lib.d.ts type checking
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, // Consistent file names
    "removeComments": true,                // Remove comments from output
    "noEmitOnError": true                  // Don't emit if there are errors
  },
  "include": [
    "src/**/*",                           // Include all files in src
    "tests/**/*"                          // Include test files
  ],
  "exclude": [
    "node_modules",                       // Exclude node_modules
    "dist",                               // Exclude output directory
    "**/*.test.ts",                       // Exclude test files from compilation
    "**/*.spec.ts"
  ],
  "files": [
    // Explicitly include specific files (optional)
    "src/main.ts"
  ]
 }
 ```
 #### Package.json Scripts
 ```json
 {
  "name": "typescript-project",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsc",
    "start": "node dist/main.js",
    "dev": "ts-node src/main.ts",
    "watch": "tsc --watch",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist",
    "type-check": "tsc --noEmit"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "typescript": "^4.9.0",
    "ts-node": "^10.9.0",
    "@types/node": "^18.0.0"
  }
 }
 ```
 #### Compilation Examples with Different Targets
 **Original TypeScript:**
 ```typescript
 const greet = (name: string = "World"): string => `Hello, ${name}!`;
 const user = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
 const { name, age } = user;
 ```
 **Compiled to ES5:**
 ```javascript
 var greet = function (name) {
    if (name === void 0) { name = "World"; }
    return "Hello, " + name + "!";
 };
 var user = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
 var name = user.name, age = user.age;
 ```
 **Compiled to ES2020:**
 ```javascript
 const greet = (name = "World") => `Hello, ${name}!`;
 const user = { name: "Alice", age: 30 };
 const { name, age } = user;
 ```
 #### Error Examples
 **TypeScript with errors:**
 ```typescript
 // Type errors that prevent compilation
 let message: string = 42;              // Error: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'
 let numbers: number[] = ["a", "b"];    // Error: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'
 function add(a: number, b: number): number {
    return a + b;
 }
 add("hello", "world");                 // Error: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'
 ```
 **Compiler output:**
 ```bash
 $ tsc error-example.ts
 error-example.ts(2,5): error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
 error-example.ts(3,5): error TS2322: Type 'string[]' is not assignable to type 'number[]'.
 error-example.ts(8,5): error TS2345: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'.
 ```
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ cat /proc/<process_id>/maps   # Show the current virtual memory usage of a Linux
 ip r # Display ip of the server
 lsof -i :9000 # List process running on port 9000
 kill -9 $(lsof -t -i:PORT) # Kill the process running on whichever port specified
 journalctl -u minio.service -n 100 --no-pager # List last 100 logs for specific service
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ##############################################################################
 # VIM CHEATSHEET
-# WEBSITE: http://www.vim.org/
+# WEBSITE: http://www.vim.org/  
 # DOCUMENTATION: https://vim.sourceforge.io/docs.php
 ##############################################################################
@@ -20,15 +20,13 @@ e                   jump to end of words (punctuation considered words)
 E                   jump to end of words (no punctuation)
 b                   jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)
 B                   jump backward by words (no punctuation)
-ge                  jump backward to end of a word
+ge                  jump backward to end of words
 gE                  jump backwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
 0                   (zero) start of line
 ^                   first non-blank character of line
-$                   jump to the end of the line
+$                   end of line
-g_                  jump to the last non-blank character of the line
+-                   move line upwards, on the first non blank character
-                   move line upwards, on the first non-blank character
+                   move line downwards, on the first non blank character
-+                   move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
+<enter>             move line downwards, on the first non blank character
 <enter>             move line downwards, on the first non-blank character
 gg                  go to first line
 G                   go to last line
 ngg                 go to line n
@@ -40,6 +38,10 @@ nG                  go To line n
 }                   move the cursor a paragraph forwards
 ]]                  move the cursor a section forwards or to the next {
 [[                  move the cursor a section backwards or the previous {
 CTRL-f              move the cursor forward by a screen of text
 CTRL-b              move the cursor backward by a screen of text
 CTRL-u              move the cursor up by half a screen
 CTRL-d              move the cursor down by half a screen
 H                   move the cursor to the top of the screen.
 M                   move the cursor to the middle of the screen.
 L                   move the cursor to the bottom of the screen.
@@ -47,16 +49,6 @@ fx                  search line forward for 'x'
 Fx                  search line backward for 'x'
 tx                  search line forward before 'x'
 Tx                  search line backward before 'x'
 CTRL-y              moves screen up one line
 CTRL-e              moves screen down one line
 CTRL-u              moves cursor & screen up ½ page
 CTRL-d              moves cursor & screen down ½ page
 CTRL-b              moves screen up one page, cursor to last line
 CTRL-f              moves screen down one page, cursor to first line
 zz                  shift current line to middle of screen
 z.                  same as zz but also jumps to the first non-black character
 zt                  shift current line to top of screen
 zb                  shift current line to bottom of screen
 ##############################################################################
@@ -68,15 +60,8 @@ zb                  shift current line to bottom of screen
 ma                  make a bookmark named a at the current cursor position
 `a                  go to position of bookmark a
 'a                  go to the line with bookmark a
 `0                  go to the position where Vim was previously exited
 `"                  go to the position when last editing this file
 `.                  go to the line that you last edited
 ``                  go to the position before the last jump
 g,                  go to newer position in change list
 g;                  go to older position in change list
 # Tip: To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (`) or an apostrophe (').
 # Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.
 ##############################################################################
 # INSERT MODE
@@ -85,13 +70,10 @@ g;                  go to older position in change list
 i                   start insert mode at cursor
 I                   insert at the beginning of the line
 gi                  return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
 gI                  like "I", but always start in column 1
 a                   append after the cursor
 A                   append at the end of the line
 o                   open (append) blank line below current line
 O                   open blank line above current line
 CTRL-o              Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command(while in insert mode)
 Esc                 exit insert mode
@@ -102,25 +84,10 @@ Esc                 exit insert mode
 r                   replace a single character (does not use insert mode)
 R                   enter Insert mode, replacing characters rather than inserting
-J                   join line below to the current one with one space in between
+J                   join line below to the current one
 gJ                  join line below to the current one without space in between
 cc                  change (replace) an entire line
-cw                  change (replace) to the end of word (same as ce)
+cw                  change (replace) to the end of word
-2cw                 change (replace) repeat cw twice
+C                   change (replace) to the end of line
 ciw                 change (replace) word under the cursor
 caw                 change (replace) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
 ci"                 change (replace) word inside ""
 cit                 change (replace) html tag content
 cat                 change (replace) html tag
 cis                 change (replace) sentence under the cursor
 cas                 change (replace) sentence under the cursor and the space after or before it
 cib                 change (replace) inside a block with ()
 cab                 change (replace) a block with ()
 ciB                 change (replace) inside a block with {}
 caB                 change (replace) a block with {}
 C                   change (replace) to the end of line(same as c$)
 cG                  change (replace) to the end of the file
 cgg                 change (replace) from first line to current line
 ct'                 change (replace) until the ' character (can change ' for any character)
 s                   delete character at cursor and substitute text
 S                   delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)
@@ -135,7 +102,6 @@ guiw                make current word lowercase
 gU$                 make uppercase until end of line
 gu$                 make lowercase until end of line
 >>                  indent line one column to right
 >i{                 indent everything in the {}
 <<                  indent line one column to left
 ==                  auto-indent current line
 ddp                 swap current line with next
@@ -144,7 +110,6 @@ ddkP                swap current line with previous
 :r [name]           insert the file [name] below the cursor.
 :r !{cmd}           execute {cmd} and insert its standard output below the cursor.
 # Tip: Instead of b or B one can also use ( or { respectively.
 ##############################################################################
 # DELETING TEXT
@@ -153,15 +118,10 @@ ddkP                swap current line with previous
 x                   delete current character
 X                   delete previous character
-dw                  delete (cut) to the end of word (same as de)
+dw                  delete the current word
 diw                 delete (cut) word under the cursor
 daw                 delete (cut) word under the cursor and the space after or before it
 dap                 delete (cut) a paragraph
 dd                  delete (cut) a line
-dt'                 delete (cut) until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
+dt'                 delete until the next ' character on the line (replace ' by any character)
-dG                  delete (cut) to the end of the file
+D                   delete from cursor to end of line
 dgg                 delete (cut) from first line to current line
 D                   delete (cut) from cursor to end of line (same as d$)
 :[range]d           delete [range] lines
@@ -176,10 +136,6 @@ yy                  yank (copy) a line
 y$                  yank to end of line
 p                   put (paste) the clipboard after cursor/current line
 P                   put (paste) before cursor/current line
 gp                  put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
 gP                  put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
 "+y                 yank into the system clipboard register
 "+p                 paste from the system clipboard register
 :set paste          avoid unexpected effects in pasting
 :registers          display the contents of all registers
 "xyw                yank word into register x
@@ -191,12 +147,6 @@ gP                  put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new tex
 "xgP                just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new text
 :[line]put x        put the text from register x after [line]
 # Tip: if you are using vim extension on vs code, you can enable
 "vim.useSystemClipboard": true
 in setting.json, this will allow to Use system clipboard for unnamed register.
 ##############################################################################
 # MACROS
@@ -207,7 +157,6 @@ qa                  start recording macro 'a'
 q                   end recording macro
@a                  replay macro 'a'
@:                  replay last command
@@                  repeat macro
 ##############################################################################
@@ -223,11 +172,9 @@ CTRL-v              start visual block mode
 O                   move to other corner of block
 aw                  mark a word
 ab                  a () block (with braces)
-aB                  a {} block (with brackets)
+ab                  a {} block (with brackets)
 at                  a block with <> tags
 ib                  inner () block
-iB                  inner {} block
+ib                  inner {} block
 it                  inner <> block
 Esc                 exit visual mode
 VISUAL MODE COMMANDS
@@ -247,7 +194,6 @@ v%                  selects matching parenthesis
 vi{                 selects matching curly brace
 vi"                 selects text between double quotes
 vi'                 selects text between single quotes
 gv                  reselect the last selected area
 ##############################################################################
 # SPELLING
@@ -294,7 +240,7 @@ set ic                      ignore case: turn on
 set noic                    ignore case: turn off
 :%s/old/new/g               replace all old with new throughout file
 :%s/old/new/gc              replace all old with new throughout file with confirmation
-:argdo %s/old/new/gc | wq   open multiple files and run this command to replace old
+:argdo %s/old/new/gc | wq   open multiple files and run this command to replace old 
                            with new in every file with confirmation, save and quit
@@ -337,6 +283,7 @@ CTRL-w <            increase window width
 CTRL-w >            decrease window width
 CTRL-w =            equal window
 CTRL-w o            close other windows
 zz                  Centers the window to the current line
 ##############################################################################
@@ -359,14 +306,12 @@ clast               display the last error
 %                   show matching brace, bracket, or parenthese
-gf                  edit the file whose name is under the cursor
+gf                  edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor
 gF                  edit the file whose name is under the cursor and jump to the line number
 gd                  when the cursor is on a local variable or function, jump to its declaration
 ''                  return to the line where the cursor was before the latest jump
 gi                  return to insert mode where you inserted text the last time
 CTRL-o              move to previous position you were at
 CTRL-i              move to more recent position you were at
 :set nu             display numbers (short for :set number)
 :set nonu           hide numbers (short for :set nonumber)
 ##############################################################################
@@ -540,7 +485,7 @@ CTRL-n              jump to the next empty tag / attribute
 cs'"                change surrounding quotes to double-quotes
-cs(}                change surrounding parens to braces
+cs(}                change surrounding parens to braces 
 cs({                change surrounding parens to braces with space
 ds'                 delete surrounding quotes
 dst                 delete surrounding tags
@@ -648,7 +593,7 @@ jj                  exit insertion mode
 <leader>/           clear the search register
-<leader>h           toggle hidden characters
+<leader>h           toggle hidden characters 
 <leader>W           strip all trailing whitespace
@@ -716,5 +661,5 @@ CTRL-y              go to next tag of attribute in sparkup plugin
 <leader>g           toggle Gundo window
 IMG<CR>             show image browser to insert image tag with src, width and height
-b                   insert image tag with dimensions from NERDTree
+b                   insert image tag with dimensions from NERDTree 
                    (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5707925/vim-image-placement)
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Pranshu Chittora	b9a15ece18	Merge `26ae159967` into `10872e02d1`	2024-06-20 02:29:26 +00:00
pranshuchittora	26ae159967	Merge pull request #1 from pranshuchittora/pranshuchittora-1 Specified module importing path clearly	2018-07-29 10:22:58 +05:30
pranshuchittora	a8a8b56ad7	Specified module importing path clearly	2018-07-29 10:22:08 +05:30