Merge 42d1bca85f into 559d03ecf3

languages/assembly.asm

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+
+# ########################################################   Variable convention.    ####################################################################################
+# [$a0], $a1  |  [$f12], $f13, $f14, $f15   = Input registers, used to pass data to an follow-up section (function), or input for the system to process said data [$a0].
+# [$v0], $v1  |  [$f0] , $f1 , $f2 , $f3    = Output registers, used by our custom rections the system to return the processed data.
+# $tXX        |  $f4  - $f11 & $f16 - $f19  = Temporary usage registers, used by our sections to store temporal data, they act like if it were local variables in a OOP.
+# $sXX        |  $f20 - $f30                = Session data Registers, used to store data trough the execution of the program.
+##########################################################################################################################################################################
+
+
+# - Example data - 
+.data  # The data section contains anything that you want to be automatically initialized
+
+exampleMessage: .asciiz "asdadasdsfddfgsfsfddf: "
+string: .space 32
+
+.eqv keyboardControl 0  # eqv = constants.
+.eqv keyboardBuffer 4
+.eqv ControlDisplay 8
+.eqv BufferDisplay 12
+
+# - Keyboard - 
+
+lui $t0, 0xffff              # Hardware changes memory address
+lw $v0, BufferTeclado($t0)   # Reads hardware input ( in this case, keyboard keystrokes ).
+sw $a0, BufferDisplay($t0)   # Writes text to primary display ( Console ).
+
+#------------------------ Print and read ( Syncronous ). ----------------------------------------
+# SELECTION:
+lui $t0, 0xffff                # Hardware changes memory address
+r_wait:
+  lw $t2, keyboardControl($t0) # Reads from the keyboard when theres a keystroke
+  andi  $t2, $t2, 1            # bit "ready", used to syncronize
+beqz $t2, r_wait               # if 0, no keystroke detected
+# We keep waiting...
+
+
+# READING:
+jal getc
+move $a0, $v0
+w_wait:
+  lw $t1, ControlDisplay($t0) # control register
+  andi $t1, $t1, 1            # bit "ready", used to syncronize
+beq $t1, $0, w_wait           # if 0, not ready ti print
+
+# WRITTING
+jal putc
+j r_espera
+
+
+# Auxiliar "Functions"
+getc:
+lw $v0, BufferTeclado($s0) # Read keyboard data register, Key ascii code saved in $ v0
+jr $ra
+
+putc:
+sw $a0, BufferDisplay($s0) # Write to the console
+jr $ra
+
+
+
+# - Exceptions - 
+mfc0 $a0, $13         # $a0 <= "cause" register
+andi $a0, $a0, 0x3C   # we extract the exception code in $a0
+
+# We detected only 3 exceptions
+li $s0, 0x0030        # Overflow code
+li $s1, 0X0010        # code address error load
+
+beq $a0, $zero, Interruption
+beq $a0, $s0,   Overflow
+beq $a0, $s1,   Read
+
+
+
+# - Functioons - 
+
+# Function, read a character:
+li $a0, '>'	# We put a > character so that the user knows that we are waiting for a character.
+li $v0, 11
+syscall			
+li $v0, 12 # read character function
+syscall    # Read a character to $ v0
+jr $ra     # Return to the main program
+
+
+# Function, print a characterprintCharTab:
+printChar:
+li $a0, 'X'
+li $v0, 11
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function, print a spacer (tab)
+printCharTab:
+li $a0, '\t'
+li $v0, 11
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Funcion, imprime una nueva linea
+printCharNewline:
+li $a0, '\n'
+li $v0, 11
+syscall
+
+
+# Function prints a message
+printMsg:
+la $a0, exampleMessage
+li $v0, 4
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function prints integer in binary
+printBin:
+la $v0, 35
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function, read a string
+readString:
+li $v0, 8       # ask for a string
+la $a0, cadena  # load the address from where the string will be stored in memory
+li $a1, 20      # we specify the maximum number of characters.
+move $t0, $a0   # save the string to t0
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function reads an integer.
+readInt: 
+li $a0, '>'	# We put a character so that the user knows that we are waiting for an input number.
+li $v0, 11
+syscall
+li $v0, 5		# We ask for an integer
+syscall
+jr $ra			# Go back to the main
+
+
+# Function, print an integer
+printInt:
+li $v0, 1  # Print function
+syscall    # Write the value of $a0
+jr $ra			# Go back to the main
+
+
+# Function, read a float. (received value stored in $f12)
+readFloat:
+li $v0, 6
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function, print a float. (value to print stored in $f0)
+printFloat:
+li $v0, 2
+syscall
+jr $ra
+
+
+# - complex functions -
+
+# Function: pow(float $f12, int $a0): float $f0
+pow:
+  subi $a0, $a0, 1
+  beqz $a0, powCondionalExitOne	
+  bltz $a0, powCondionalExitZero
+  mul.s $f14, $f14, $f12
+bnez $a0, pow	
+powCondionalExitZero:
+li $s0, 1
+mtc1 $s0, $f14
+cvt.s.w $f14, $f14
+powCondionalExitOne:
+mov.s $f0, $f14
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function: Max(float $f13, float $f12): float $f0.
+max:
+c.lt.s $f13, $f12
+bc1t maxConditionalAssinament1
+j maxConditionalAssinament2
+maxConditionalAssinament1:
+mov.s $f0, $f12
+j maxConditionalExitNormal
+maxConditionalAssinament2:
+mov.s $f0, $f13
+maxConditionalExitNormal:
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function reads a string from the keyboard (live) and prints it to the display.read_string:
+lui $s0, 0xffff                   # Address keyboard control register..
+li $s1, '\n'                      # Ascii carriage return code
+la $t2, string                    # string: .space 32
+r_sync:                           # We check when we a character readed.
+  lw   $t1, ControlTeclado($s0)
+  andi $t1, $t1, 1                # If it has been read, the bit will be 1, we check, if not, we check again.
+beqz $t1, r_sync
+  lw   $t1, BufferTeclado($s0)    # We get the character.
+  beq  $t1, $s1, r_final          # We check if it is ENTER (\n), if it is, we exit.
+  sb   $t1, 0($t2)                # We save in our register.
+  addi $t2, $t2, 1                # We increase the record jump to concatenate the next character.
+j r_sync
+r_final:
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Function, invert bitsinvert
+Bits:
+xori $v0, $a0, 0xffffffff
+jr $ra
+
+
+# Exits the program
+exit:
+li $v0, 10
+syscall